Pyzik Adam, Ciuchcinski Karol, Dziurzynski Mikolaj, Dziewit Lukasz
Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jan 1;14(1):177. doi: 10.3390/ma14010177.
Cultural heritage objects constitute a very diverse environment, inhabited by various bacteria and fungi. The impact of these microorganisms on the degradation of artworks is undeniable, but at the same time, some of them may be applied for the efficient biotreatment of cultural heritage assets. Interventions with microorganisms have been proven to be useful in restoration of artworks, when classical chemical and mechanical methods fail or produce poor or short-term effects. The path to understanding the impact of microbes on historical objects relies mostly on multidisciplinary approaches, combining novel meta-omic technologies with classical cultivation experiments, and physico-chemical characterization of artworks. In particular, the development of metabolomic- and metatranscriptomic-based analyses associated with metagenomic studies may significantly increase our understanding of the microbial processes occurring on different materials and under various environmental conditions. Moreover, the progress in environmental microbiology and biotechnology may enable more effective application of microorganisms in the biotreatment of historical objects, creating an alternative to highly invasive chemical and mechanical methods.
文化遗产物品构成了一个非常多样化的环境，其中栖息着各种细菌和真菌。这些微生物对艺术品降解的影响是不可否认的，但与此同时，其中一些微生物可用于文化遗产资产的高效生物处理。当传统的化学和机械方法失效或产生不佳或短期效果时，微生物干预已被证明对艺术品修复有用。了解微生物对历史文物影响的途径主要依赖于多学科方法，将新的宏组学技术与经典培养实验以及艺术品的物理化学表征相结合。特别是，与宏基因组研究相关的基于代谢组学和宏转录组学的分析的发展可能会显著增进我们对在不同材料和各种环境条件下发生的微生物过程的理解。此外，环境微生物学和生物技术的进展可能使微生物在历史文物生物处理中的应用更加有效，为高度侵入性的化学和机械方法创造一种替代方案。
