Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy.
Department of Sciences and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Aug;131(2):583-603. doi: 10.1111/jam.14993. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Over the last two decades, the biotechnologies applied to Cultural heritage (CH) have become a successful novel alternative to the traditional approaches in the CH conservation and preservation. From these new perspectives, microorganisms and their metabolisms can be used for the safeguarding of artworks. Biocleaning is a field with a growing interest, based on eco-friendly processes and safe procedures, where biological reactions occurring in natural habitats are optimized in artificial conditions with the aim of CH conservation. This represents a new tool and opportunity for the development and improvement of the sector, with a great advantage for the CH conservation-restoration, in terms of safety, effectiveness, costs and environmental sustainability. This review focuses on the use of microbes and enzymes involved in biocleaning of CH artworks. The aim is to provide a comprehensive, critical and chronological view of the scientific works published until now where 'virtuous' microorganisms are applied on different CH materials, pointing out strength and drawback of the biocleaning treatments.
在过去的二十年中，应用于文化遗产（CH）的生物技术已成为 CH 保护和保存的传统方法的成功替代方案。从这些新的视角来看，可以利用微生物及其代谢物来保护艺术品。基于环保工艺和安全程序的生物清洁领域日益受到关注，在该领域中，优化了在自然栖息地中发生的生物反应，以达到 CH 保护的目的。这为该领域的发展和改进提供了一个新的工具和机会，在 CH 保护和修复方面具有巨大的优势，在安全性、有效性、成本和环境可持续性方面具有巨大的优势。本文综述了在 CH 艺术品的生物清洁中使用的微生物和酶。目的是提供迄今为止发表的科学著作的全面、批判性和按时间顺序的综述，其中应用了“良性”微生物在不同的 CH 材料上，指出了生物清洁处理的优点和缺点。
