Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Cells. 2021 Jan 1;10(1):56. doi: 10.3390/cells10010056.
Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by harnessing the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant tissue. However, it is well recognised that some cancers are highly resistant to these therapies, which is in part attributed to the immunosuppressive landscape of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The contexture of the TME is highly heterogeneous and contains a complex architecture of immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells in addition to acellular components such as the extracellular matrix. While understanding the dynamics of the TME has been instrumental in predicting durable responses to immunotherapy and developing new treatment strategies, recent evidence challenges the fundamental paradigms of how tumours can effectively subvert immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the various immunosuppressive features of the TME and how fine-tuning these mechanisms, rather than ablating them completely, may result in a more comprehensive and balanced anti-tumour response.
免疫疗法通过利用免疫系统的力量来消灭恶性组织，从而彻底改变了癌症的治疗方式。然而，人们已经认识到，一些癌症对这些疗法具有高度的抵抗力，这在一定程度上归因于肿瘤微环境（TME）的免疫抑制景观。TME 的结构非常不均匀，除了细胞外基质等无细胞成分外，还包含免疫、基质、血管和肿瘤细胞的复杂结构。虽然了解 TME 的动态对于预测免疫治疗的持久反应和开发新的治疗策略非常重要，但最近的证据挑战了肿瘤如何有效逃避免疫监视的基本范式。在这里，我们讨论了 TME 的各种免疫抑制特征，以及微调这些机制而不是完全消除它们，可能会导致更全面和平衡的抗肿瘤反应。
