Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C.P. 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 2;26(1):192. doi: 10.3390/molecules26010192.
Plants in the Amaryllidaceae family synthesize a diversity of bioactive alkaloids. Some of these plant species are not abundant and have a low natural multiplication rate. The aims of this work were the alkaloids analysis of a bulbs extract, the evaluation of its inhibitory activity against cholinesterases, and to test several propagation strategies for biomass production. Eleven compounds were characterized by GC-MS in the alkaloid extract, which showed a relatively high proportion of tazettine. The known alkaloids tazettine, haemanthamine, and the epimer mixture haemanthidine/6-epi-haemanthidine were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory cholinesterases activity was not detected. Three forms of propagation were performed: bulb propagation from seed, cut-induced bulb division, and micropropagated bulbs. Finally, different imbibition and post-collection times were evaluated in seed germination assays. The best propagation method was cut-induced bulb division with longitudinal cuts into quarters (T1) while the best conditions for seed germination were 0-day of post-collection and two days of imbibition. The alkaloids analyses of the bulbs showed that they are a source of anti-tumoral alkaloids, especially pretazettine (tazettine) and T1 is a sustainable strategy for its propagation and domestication to produce bioactive alkaloids.
石蒜科植物合成多种生物活性生物碱。其中一些植物种类不丰富，自然繁殖率低。本工作的目的是分析鳞茎提取物中的生物碱，评估其对胆碱酯酶的抑制活性，并测试几种生物量生产的繁殖策略。通过 GC-MS 在生物碱提取物中鉴定出 11 种化合物，其中 tazettine 的比例相对较高。通过光谱方法分离并鉴定了已知生物碱 tazettine、haemanthamine 和差向异构体混合物 haemanthidine/6-epi-haemanthidine。未检测到抑制胆碱酯酶的活性。进行了三种繁殖形式：种子繁殖鳞茎、切割诱导鳞茎分裂和微繁殖鳞茎。最后，在种子发芽试验中评估了不同的吸胀和收集后时间。切割诱导的鳞茎分裂是最好的繁殖方法，将鳞茎纵向切成四等份（T1），而种子发芽的最佳条件是收集后 0 天和吸胀 2 天。鳞茎的生物碱分析表明，它们是抗肿瘤生物碱的来源，特别是前 tazettine（tazettine），T1 是其繁殖和驯化的可持续策略，可用于生产生物活性生物碱。
