Ferreira Helena Beatriz, Melo Tânia, Paiva Artur, Domingues Maria do Rosário
Mass Spectrometry Center & QOPNA/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 2;10(1):45. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010045.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly debilitating chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease most prevalent in women. The true etiology of this disease is complex, multifactorial, and is yet to be completely elucidated. However, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are associated with the development and pathogenesis of RA. In this case, oxidative damage biomarkers have been found to be significantly higher in RA patients, associated with the oxidation of biomolecules and the stimulation of inflammatory responses. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major consequences of oxidative stress, with the formation of deleterious lipid hydroperoxides and electrophilic reactive lipid species. Additionally, changes in the lipoprotein profile seem to be common in RA, contributing to cardiovascular diseases and a chronic inflammatory environment. Nevertheless, changes in the lipid profile at a molecular level in RA are still poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this review was to gather all the information regarding lipid alterations in RA analyzed by mass spectrometry. Studies on the variation of lipid profile in RA using lipidomics showed that fatty acid and phospholipid metabolisms, especially in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, are affected in this disease. These promising results could lead to the discovery of new diagnostic lipid biomarkers for early diagnosis of RA and targets for personalized medicine.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种严重致残的慢性炎症性自身免疫疾病，在女性中最为常见。这种疾病的真正病因复杂、多因素，尚未完全阐明。然而，氧化应激和脂质过氧化与RA的发生发展及发病机制有关。在这种情况下，已发现氧化损伤生物标志物在RA患者中显著升高，这与生物分子的氧化及炎症反应的刺激有关。脂质过氧化是氧化应激的主要后果之一，会形成有害的脂质氢过氧化物和亲电反应性脂质物种。此外，脂蛋白谱的变化在RA中似乎很常见，这会导致心血管疾病和慢性炎症环境。然而，RA中脂质谱在分子水平上的变化仍知之甚少。因此，本综述的目的是收集所有通过质谱分析的关于RA中脂质改变的信息。利用脂质组学对RA中脂质谱变化的研究表明，脂肪酸和磷脂代谢，尤其是磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺的代谢，在这种疾病中受到影响。这些有前景的结果可能会促成发现用于RA早期诊断的新的诊断脂质生物标志物以及个性化医疗的靶点。
