Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy.
Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy.
J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Jun;126(6):1785-1796. doi: 10.1111/jam.14275. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
This study reports the results of the application of a new agar-gauze biogel system activated with viable bacterial cells to altered wall paintings.
Biocleaning using agar biogel and agar-gauze biogel systems was performed onsite by direct application to altered wall painting surfaces (25-1000 cm ). The treatments were performed for the restoration of two original Italian sites: (i) at the Vatican Museums, Cristo che salva Pietro dalle acque-La Navicella, a wall painting by Giovanni Lanfranco (1627-1628) and (ii) at Pisa Cathedral Cupola, Incarnato, a wall painting by Orazio Riminaldi (1593-1630) and his brother Girolamo Riminaldi. The novelty of this study is the use of viable Pseudomonas stutzeri A29 cells in an advanced agar-gauze biogel system and the short bio-application contact times of between 3 and 12 h. The historical artworks were altered by lipid and protein residues from past restoration, as confirmed by Py-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and FT-IR data. The effectiveness of the biological treatment was assessed, and general considerations were discussed.
The short bio-application contact time of advanced agar-gauze gel activated with viable P. stutzeri cells makes this biotechnology promising as an alternative method to the traditional onsite cleaning techniques currently in use for altered historical wall paintings.
In this study, we report for the first time the biocleaning of altered materials located in vertical and vaulted areas using agar-gauze biogel with short application times. These findings are of great significance for future restoration activities and are crucial for determining the best preservation strategies in this field.
本研究报告了一种新的琼脂-纱布生物凝胶系统在经过处理的壁画上的应用结果。
通过直接应用于经过处理的壁画表面（25-1000cm），在原位进行琼脂生物凝胶和琼脂-纱布生物凝胶系统的生物清洁。对两个意大利原始遗址进行了修复：（i）梵蒂冈博物馆，Giovanni Lanfranco（1627-1628 年）创作的壁画“Cristo che salva Pietro dalle acque-La Navicella”，（ii）比萨大教堂圆顶，壁画由 Orazio Riminaldi（1593-1630 年）和他的兄弟 Girolamo Riminaldi 创作。这项研究的新颖之处在于在先进的琼脂-纱布生物凝胶系统中使用了活菌 Pseudomonas stutzeri A29 细胞，以及 3-12 小时的短生物应用接触时间。历史艺术品受到过去修复过程中脂质和蛋白质残留物的影响，这一点得到了 Py-气相色谱-质谱和 FT-IR 数据的证实。评估了生物处理的有效性，并讨论了一般考虑因素。
用活菌 Pseudomonas stutzeri 激活的先进琼脂-纱布凝胶的短生物应用接触时间使这项生物技术有望成为目前用于经过处理的历史壁画的传统原位清洁技术的替代方法。
在这项研究中，我们首次报告了使用琼脂-纱布生物凝胶在短时间内对位于垂直和拱形区域的经过处理的材料进行生物清洁。这些发现对未来的修复活动具有重要意义，对于确定该领域的最佳保存策略至关重要。
