Center for Performance Expertise, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Mar;121(3):957-967. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04583-3. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects of dynamic stretching on neurophysiological and mechanical properties of plantar flexor muscles and to test the hypothesis that dynamic stretching resulted from an interaction between stretching, movement, and contraction.
The dynamic stretching conditioning activity (DS) was compared to static stretching (SS), passive cyclic stretching (PCS), isometric contractions (IC), static stretching followed by isometric contractions (SSIC), and control (CO) conditions. Stretching amplitude (DS, SS, PCS and SSIC), contraction intensity (DS, IC and SSIC) and duration (all 6 conditions) were matched. Thirteen volunteers were included. Passive torque, fascicle length, and stiffness were evaluated from a dynamometer and ultrasonography during passive dorsiflexion. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was used to investigate contractile properties [peak twitch torque (PTT), and rate of torque development (RTD)] and muscle voluntary activation (%VA). Gastrocnemius lateralis electromyographic activity (GL EMG/Mwave) was obtained during maximal voluntary contraction. All of these parameters were measured immediately before and 10 s after each experimental condition.
Peak twitch torque, RTD, %VA, GL EMG/Mwave remained unaltered, while passive torque was significantly reduced after DS (- 8.14 ± 2.21%). SS decreased GL EMG/Mwave (- 7.83 ± 12.01%) and passive torque (- 2.16 ± 7.25%). PCS decreased PTT (- 3.40 ± 6.03%), RTD (- 2.96 ± 5.16%), and passive torque (- 2.16 ± 2.05%). IC decreased passive torque (- 7.72 ± 1.97%) and enhanced PTT (+ 5.77 ± 5.19%) and RTD (+ 7.36 ± 8.35%). However, SSIC attenuated PTT and RTD improvements as compared to IC.
These results suggested that dynamic stretching is multi-component and would result from an interaction between stretching, contraction, and movement.
本研究旨在探讨动态拉伸对跖屈肌神经生理和力学特性的急性影响，并验证动态拉伸是拉伸、运动和收缩相互作用的结果这一假设。
将动态拉伸调节活动（DS）与静态拉伸（SS）、被动循环拉伸（PCS）、等长收缩（IC）、静态拉伸后等长收缩（SSIC）和对照（CO）条件进行比较。拉伸幅度（DS、SS、PCS 和 SSIC）、收缩强度（DS、IC 和 SSIC）和持续时间（所有 6 种条件）相匹配。纳入 13 名志愿者。使用测力计和超声检查评估被动背屈时的被动扭矩、肌纤维长度和硬度。使用神经肌肉电刺激评估收缩特性[峰值 twitch 扭矩（PTT）和扭矩发展速率（RTD）]和肌肉自主激活（%VA）。在最大自主收缩期间测量腓肠肌外侧头肌电活动（GL EMG/Mwave）。在每种实验条件之前和之后的 10 秒，测量所有这些参数。
峰值 twitch 扭矩、RTD、%VA、GL EMG/Mwave 保持不变，而 DS 后被动扭矩显著降低（-8.14 ± 2.21%）。SS 降低 GL EMG/Mwave（-7.83 ± 12.01%）和被动扭矩（-2.16 ± 7.25%）。PCS 降低 PTT（-3.40 ± 6.03%）、RTD（-2.96 ± 5.16%）和被动扭矩（-2.16 ± 2.05%）。IC 降低被动扭矩（-7.72 ± 1.97%），并增强 PTT（+5.77 ± 5.19%）和 RTD（+7.36 ± 8.35%）。然而，与 IC 相比，SSIC 减弱了 PTT 和 RTD 的改善。
这些结果表明，动态拉伸是多组分的，是拉伸、收缩和运动相互作用的结果。
