Medical Faculty, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9736. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249736.
The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt-(Dkk4)-Eda-Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs.
皮肤表面由众多附属物修饰。这些结构是由上皮干细胞 (SCs) 通过诱导表皮基板产生的，这是由于基于 Wnt-(Dkk4)-Eda-Shh 级联的上皮细胞与间充质细胞之间的局部信号相互作用。级联的轻微改变，伴随着拮抗信号的参与，决定多能表皮干细胞是否在滤泡间表皮、鳞片、毛发/羽毛毛囊、指甲或皮肤腺中发育。本综述描述了表皮干细胞在皮肤附属物和滤泡间表皮发育以及维持中的作用。每个皮肤结构都来自于不同的表皮干细胞池，这些干细胞存在于特定但不同的小生境中，控制着干细胞的行为。这种关系解释了特定干细胞亚群之间标记物和基因表达模式的差异。在毛囊周期以及受伤后皮肤再生过程中，与其他皮肤细胞的活动相协调。本综述强调了与表皮干细胞相关的几个膜标记物、细胞质蛋白和转录因子。
