Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Oct 14;37:159. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.159.25392. eCollection 2020.
Cryptosporidium, Giardia and rotaviruses are amongst the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in children ≤5 years worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and molecular characteristics of rotaviruses after Rotarix® introduction in Botswana.
in this case study, 200 diarrheic stool specimens and 100 control samples from children under five years old were collected between March and November, 2017. Samples were analyzed by modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique for cryptosporidium, wet mount procedure for Giardia and negative samples were confirmed by immunochromatographic assay. Specimens were analyzed for rotavirus by ELISA, PAGE, RT-PCR, sequencing of VP7 and VP4 antigen followed by phylogenetic analysis.
prevalence rates of 20.5%, 16.5% and 11.0% in diarrhea cases were observed for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and rotavirus, respectively. Four percent of diarrheic specimens had multiple infections. The predominant rotavirus genotype was GIP[8] (7/15) followed by G2P[4] (2/15) and G3P[8] (1/15). Twenty percent of specimens were non-typeable. One mixed strain, G1+G2P[4,8] (2/15), was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of VP4 and VP7 sequences clustered Botswana rotavirus strains within G1 lineages 1 and 2, G3 lineage 1, P[8] lineage 3 and P[4] lineage 5 together with Southern African strains.
this study provides important information on occurrence and demographic risk groups for Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia intestinalis and rotavirus in young children as well as genetic diversity of rotaviruses after vaccine introduction in Botswana. Constant monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains is essential in assessing effectiveness of current vaccines in Botswana.
隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫和轮状病毒是导致全球 5 岁以下儿童急性肠胃炎的主要原因之一。本研究的目的是确定罗特律®在博茨瓦纳引入后的隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫和轮状病毒的发生情况。
在这项病例研究中，2017 年 3 月至 11 月期间收集了 200 名 5 岁以下腹泻患儿的粪便标本和 100 名对照样本。采用改良齐氏染色技术检测隐孢子虫，湿片法检测贾第鞭毛虫，阴性样本用免疫层析法确认。采用 ELISA、PAGE、RT-PCR 检测轮状病毒，对 VP7 和 VP4 抗原进行测序，然后进行系统发育分析。
腹泻病例中隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫和轮状病毒的流行率分别为 20.5%、16.5%和 11.0%。4%的腹泻标本存在多种感染。主要的轮状病毒基因型为 GIP[8]（7/15），其次是 G2P[4]（2/15）和 G3P[8]（1/15）。20%的标本无法分型。检测到一种混合株，G1+G2P[4,8]（2/15）。VP4 和 VP7 序列的系统发育分析将博茨瓦纳轮状病毒株聚类为 G1 谱系 1 和 2、G3 谱系 1、P[8]谱系 3 和 P[4]谱系 5，与南非株一起。
本研究提供了博茨瓦纳儿童隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫和轮状病毒的发生情况和人口统计学风险组的重要信息，以及罗特律®引入后博茨瓦纳轮状病毒的遗传多样性。在博茨瓦纳，不断监测循环的轮状病毒株对于评估当前疫苗的有效性至关重要。
