Vrabková Iveta, Ertingerová Izabela, Kukuliač Pavel
Faculty of Economics, Department Public Economics, VŠB-TU Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department of Geoinformatics, VŠB-TU Ostrava, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 11;16(1):e0244991. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244991. eCollection 2021.
The subject of this research is one of the main preconditions for the provision of high-quality social care services for people over the age of 65 with lowered self-sufficiency. It involves the spatial accessibility of formally established nursing services examined in 76 districts of the Czech Republic. The aim of this article is to identify and evaluate the gaps in spatial accessibility of the selected residential and outpatient-clinic services at the level of districts in individual regions of the Czech Republic in 2018. A three-phase analysis was performed, including an ArcGIS network analysis, multi-criteria evaluation according to the TOPSIS method, and a correlation analysis encompassing the confidence interval gained via the Bootstrap method. Seven indicators were selected-recipients of the allowance for the care, capacity of residential and outpatient-clinic services, and four indicators of accessibility via individual and public transport within the set time intervals. The results show good availability of residential care (no gap) within 30 min. by individual and public transport in most districts (94%). However, day services centers do not have a space gap in only 28% of districts by individual transport, and 8% of districts by public transport. In the case of day care centers, 54% of districts by individual transport, and 29% of districts by public transport do not have a space gap. The results also show that the level of spatial availability of care (gaps) in the district is not related to the number of people aged 65+ with reduced self-sufficiency in the district. On the contrary, the correlation analysis shows that with the growing number of people aged 65+ with reduced self-sufficiency in the district, the capacity of residential and outpatient services increases and the gaps in spatial accessibility do not decrease.
本研究的主题是为65岁以上自给能力较低的人群提供高质量社会护理服务的主要前提条件之一。它涉及对捷克共和国76个地区正式设立的护理服务的空间可达性进行考察。本文旨在识别和评估2018年捷克共和国各地区县级层面所选住宿和门诊服务在空间可达性方面的差距。进行了三个阶段的分析，包括ArcGIS网络分析、基于TOPSIS方法的多标准评估，以及涵盖通过Bootstrap方法获得的置信区间的相关性分析。选取了七个指标——护理津贴领取者、住宿和门诊服务能力，以及在设定时间间隔内通过个人和公共交通的四个可达性指标。结果显示，在大多数地区（94%），通过个人和公共交通在30分钟内可获得良好的住宿护理服务（无差距）。然而，日间服务中心在通过个人交通的地区中只有28%没有空间差距，通过公共交通的地区中只有8%没有空间差距。对于日托中心，通过个人交通的地区中有54%没有空间差距，通过公共交通的地区中有29%没有空间差距。结果还表明，地区护理服务的空间可达性水平（差距）与该地区65岁及以上自给能力降低的人数无关。相反，相关性分析表明，随着该地区65岁及以上自给能力降低的人数增加，住宿和门诊服务的能力会提高，空间可达性差距不会减小。
