Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Shooshtari Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Virus Res. 2021 Mar;294:198282. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198282. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Type V and VI CRISPR enzymes are RNA-guided, DNA and RNA-targeting effectors that allow specific gene knockdown. Cas12 and Cas13 are CRISPR proteins that are efficient agents for diagnosis and combating single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. The programmability of these proteins paves the way for the detection and degradation of RNA viruses by targeting RNAs complementary to its CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Approximately two-thirds of viruses causing diseases contain ssRNA genomes. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has infected more than 88 million people worldwide with near 2 million deaths since December 2019. Thus, accurate and rapid diagnostic and therapeutic tools are essential for early detection and treatment of this widespread infectious disease. For us, the CRISPR based platforms seem to be a plausible new approach for an accurate detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we talk about Cas12 and Cas13 CRISPR systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment of RNA virus mediated diseases. In continue, the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, and its conventional diagnostics and antivirals will be discussed. Moreover, we highlight novel CRISPR based diagnostic platforms and therapies for COVID-19. We also discuss the challenges of diagnostic CRISPR based platforms as well as clarifying the proposed solution for high efficient selective in vivo delivery of CRISPR components into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
V 型和 VI 型 CRISPR 酶是 RNA 指导的、靶向 DNA 和 RNA 的效应物，可实现特定基因的敲低。Cas12 和 Cas13 是 CRISPR 蛋白，是诊断和对抗单链 RNA（ssRNA）病毒的有效工具。这些蛋白的可编程性为通过靶向与其 CRISPR RNA（crRNA）互补的 RNA 来检测和降解 RNA 病毒铺平了道路。大约三分之二引起疾病的病毒含有 ssRNA 基因组。严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的爆发，自 2019 年 12 月以来，该病毒已在全球感染了超过 8800 万人，造成近 200 万人死亡。因此，准确和快速的诊断和治疗工具对于早期发现和治疗这种广泛传播的传染病至关重要。对我们来说，基于 CRISPR 的平台似乎是一种准确检测和治疗 SARS-CoV-2 的合理新方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 Cas12 和 Cas13 CRISPR 系统及其在 RNA 病毒介导疾病的诊断和治疗中的应用。接下来，将讨论 SARS-CoV-2 的致病性及其常规诊断和抗病毒药物。此外，我们还重点介绍了用于 COVID-19 的新型基于 CRISPR 的诊断平台和疗法。我们还讨论了基于诊断的 CRISPR 平台的挑战，并阐明了高效选择性体内递送 CRISPR 组件进入 SARS-CoV-2 感染细胞的解决方案。
