伊朗人对 COVID-19 的知识和预防措施的在线调查。
An Online Investigation of Knowledge and Preventive Practices in Regard to COVID-19 in Iran.
出版信息
Health Lit Res Pract. 2021 Jan 11;5(1):e15-e23. doi: 10.3928/24748307-20201130-01.
BACKGROUND
Until now, there was no available study on the knowledge and practice of the people of Iran with regard to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and preventive practices of Iranians toward the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study of 925 people who completed an online questionnaire in March 2020. The study used 21 and 14 questions, respectively, to assess the knowledge and preventive practices of the population in regard to COVID-19. Cronbach's alpha was 0.75 for the knowledge scale and 0.71 for the practice scale. To determine the importance of each independent variable in explaining the participant's practice, a multiple regression model was applied.
KEY RESULTS
The results indicated a moderate level of knowledge and preventive practices in regard to COVID-19 in most of the respondents (56.8% and 56.5%, respectively). According to the multiple regression analysis, knowledge showed the highest effect on the practice of the participants (β = 0.479). The determination coefficient for the model (R = 0.509) also showed approximately 51% of the variance in practice was explained by gender, occupational status, knowledge, cost of hand sanitizer, and the belief in the effectiveness of using such necessities.
CONCLUSIONS
Acceptable rates of knowledge and practice were observed in most Iranians. However, approximately 10% of the participants were unaware of the effective measures for preventing the infection, which can cause active transmission of the virus. In addition to considering the importance of high community awareness in prevention and isolation measures, the government should provide disinfectants and other materials at a low price to reduce the transmission, as this may lead to effective practice to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2021;5(1):e15-e23.] PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This study sought to evaluate the knowledge and preventive practices of Iranians toward the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Findings of this research demonstrate acceptable rates of knowledge and practice in most Iranians; however, about 10% of them were unaware of the true prevention practices, which can cause active transmission of the virus.
背景
迄今为止，尚无研究探讨伊朗民众对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的认知和实践情况。
目的
本研究旨在调查伊朗民众对 COVID-19 大流行的认知和预防措施。
方法
这是一项横断面研究，共纳入 925 名于 2020 年 3 月完成在线问卷调查的研究对象。该研究使用 21 个和 14 个问题分别评估人群对 COVID-19 的知识和预防措施。知识量表的克朗巴赫 α 系数为 0.75，实践量表的克朗巴赫 α 系数为 0.71。为确定每个自变量对参与者实践的重要性，应用多元回归模型进行分析。
主要结果
研究结果显示，大多数受访者（分别为 56.8%和 56.5%）对 COVID-19 的认知和预防措施处于中等水平。根据多元回归分析，知识对参与者的实践有最高的影响（β=0.479）。模型的确定系数（R2=0.509）也表明，参与者实践的 51%左右的差异可由性别、职业状况、知识、手部消毒剂的成本以及对使用此类必需品的有效性的信念来解释。
结论
在大多数伊朗人中观察到可接受的知识和实践水平。然而，约 10%的参与者不知道预防感染的有效措施，这可能导致病毒的积极传播。除了考虑社区高认知度在预防和隔离措施中的重要性外，政府还应提供价格低廉的消毒剂和其他材料，以减少传播，这可能导致有效的实践以阻断 COVID-19 的传播链。[HLRP：健康素养研究与实践。2021；5（1）：e15-e23。]
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