Ganguly Priyanka, Breen Ailish, Pillai Suresh C
Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland.
Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing Research (PEM), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2018 Jul 9;4(7):2237-2275. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00068. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Growth in production of manufactured goods and the use of nanomaterials in consumer products has mounted in the past few decades. Nanotoxicology or toxicity assessment of these engineered products is required to understand possible adverse effects and their fate inside the human body. The present review is a one stop assessment intended to be a state of the art understanding on nanotoxicity. It provides a summation of the various kinds of cell death and also discusses the different types of toxicities along with their studies. The review discusses the physiological impact imparted on cells (reactive oxygen species generation and the resultant oxidative stress, inflammation, and other nonoxidant pathways). Moreover, it discusses the different physicochemical properties of nanomaterials (size, morphology, surface charge, and coating) governing the cytotoxicity properties. It also details the major pathways of nanomaterial uptake in cells and their outcome. Additionally, it also discusses the possible methods for human exposure to nanomaterials (skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, blood brain barrier, liver, and spleen). Furthermore, an entire new section is contributed in discussion of all possible types of assays (cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and genotoxicity assays). A summarized discussion of the recent advances on in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies of nanomaterials (metal, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other novel materials) is made. The review also provides a brief account of the safety guidelines for handling nanomaterials. Finally, the uses of engineered nanomaterials in commercial products are discussed in detail.
在过去几十年中，制成品的产量以及纳米材料在消费品中的使用量都有所增加。需要对这些工程产品进行纳米毒理学或毒性评估，以了解其在人体内可能产生的不良影响及其归宿。本综述是一项一站式评估，旨在对纳米毒性有一个最新的了解。它总结了各种细胞死亡类型，并讨论了不同类型的毒性及其相关研究。该综述讨论了纳米材料对细胞产生的生理影响（活性氧的产生以及由此产生的氧化应激、炎症和其他非氧化途径）。此外，还讨论了决定细胞毒性特性的纳米材料的不同物理化学性质（尺寸、形态、表面电荷和涂层）。它还详细介绍了纳米材料进入细胞的主要途径及其结果。此外，还讨论了人类接触纳米材料的可能途径（皮肤、呼吸道、胃肠道、血脑屏障、肝脏和脾脏）。此外，在讨论所有可能类型的检测方法（细胞毒性、细胞增殖和遗传毒性检测）时增加了全新的章节。对纳米材料（金属、金属氧化物、碳纳米管、石墨烯和其他新型材料）的体外、计算机模拟和体内研究的最新进展进行了总结讨论。该综述还简要介绍了处理纳米材料的安全指南。最后，详细讨论了工程纳米材料在商业产品中的用途。
