Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 9;13(1):189. doi: 10.3390/nu13010189.
Dietary iron and zinc deficiencies are a global health concern. Bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract depend on minerals to maintain their activities; thus, recent evidence suggests that biofortified foods can modulate the host's beneficial bacterial taxa. The current review analyzed the research data that linked between iron and zinc biofortified foods and gut microbiota modulation. The data analysis was based on the PRISMA guidelines and the data search was performed at PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases for experimental studies published from January 2010 until December 2020. The five selected studies were conducted in an experimental in vivo model (). The identified and discussed research showed positive effects of biofortified foods on the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Further, an increase in short chain fatty acids producing bacterial populations as and , and a decrease in potentially pathogenic bacteria as , , and was identified due to the consumption of biofortified foods. In conclusion, biofortified foods may contribute to improved gut health without increasing the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. The dietary inclusion of approximately 50% of iron/zinc biofortified foods has a significant beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. Additional studies in humans and animal models are warranted to further establish the suggested effects on the intestinal microbiome. PROSPERO (CRD42020184221).
膳食铁和锌缺乏是全球关注的健康问题。定植于胃肠道的细菌依赖矿物质来维持其活性；因此，最近的证据表明，生物强化食品可以调节宿主有益的细菌分类群。本综述分析了将铁和锌生物强化食品与肠道微生物群调节联系起来的研究数据。数据分析基于 PRISMA 指南，并在 PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct 和 Scopus 数据库中检索了 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月发表的实验研究数据。这五项选定的研究是在实验性体内模型中进行的。已确定并讨论的研究表明，生物强化食品对肠道微生物群的组成和功能有积极影响。此外，由于生物强化食品的摄入，还发现并讨论了短链脂肪酸产生菌种群的增加，如 和 ，以及潜在致病菌如 、 和 的减少。总之，生物强化食品可能有助于改善肠道健康，而不会增加致病菌的定植。膳食中约 50%的铁/锌生物强化食品的摄入对肠道微生物群有显著的有益影响。需要在人类和动物模型中进行更多的研究，以进一步确定对肠道微生物组的建议作用。PROSPERO（CRD42020184221）。
