Amerzadeh Mohammad, Takian Amirhossein
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Global Health and Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2020 Oct 13;34:136. doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.136. eCollection 2020.
Tackling noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their multifaceted, complex risk factors requires identifying policy gaps and translation of successful experiences for each setting. As advocated by World Health Organization (WHO), reducing sugar, salt, and fat are among best buys for prevention and control of NCDs. This article reports the status of existing policies to reduce the consumption of sugar, salt, and fat in Iran. We created a comprehensive repository of available policy documents about sugar, salt, and fat policies in Iran and conducted content analysis and interviews with relevant stakeholders. Then, we compared policies and their content with the WHO's best buys' recommendations. We categorized policies in 3 groups: red colour (no mention in the policy documents), amber (inspirational policy mention without action), and green (policy in operation). For example, regarding sugar, we found 8 policies in green, 1 in amber. Our matrix of policies on all 3 topics created a platform for further policy analysis and transferrable lessons to improve national actions towards 30% reduction of death due to NCDs in Iran. It has been globally recognized that beyond technical solutions to combat NCDs, feasible and meaningful policy solutions must be created that are aligned with the political economy of each context. This necessitates learning from national, regional, and global experiences to manage the political economy of NCDs' main determinants. To this end, our study provides a systematic and evidence-based framework, which may also be beneficial for other nations.
应对非传染性疾病（NCDs）及其多方面、复杂的风险因素，需要找出政策差距，并针对每种情况转化成功经验。正如世界卫生组织（WHO）所倡导的，减少糖、盐和脂肪的摄入是预防和控制非传染性疾病的最佳举措之一。本文报告了伊朗在减少糖、盐和脂肪消费方面现有政策的状况。我们创建了一个关于伊朗糖、盐和脂肪政策的可用政策文件的综合资料库，并对相关利益攸关方进行了内容分析和访谈。然后，我们将这些政策及其内容与WHO的最佳举措建议进行了比较。我们将政策分为3组：红色（政策文件中未提及）、琥珀色（有鼓舞人心的政策提及但无行动）和绿色（已实施的政策）。例如，关于糖，我们发现有8项政策属于绿色，1项属于琥珀色。我们关于所有这3个主题的政策矩阵为进一步的政策分析和可借鉴的经验教训搭建了一个平台，以改进伊朗为将非传染性疾病导致的死亡减少30%而采取的国家行动。全球已经认识到，除了应对非传染性疾病的技术解决方案之外，还必须制定与每个背景下的政治经济相契合的可行且有意义的政策解决方案。这就需要借鉴国家、区域和全球经验来管理非传染性疾病主要决定因素的政治经济。为此，我们的研究提供了一个系统且基于证据的框架，这可能对其他国家也有益处。
