Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Jan 13;18(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12970-020-00405-1.
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, muscle soreness and may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Omega-3 (n-3) supplementation may minimise EIMD via its anti-inflammatory properties, however, its efficacy remains unclear.
Healthy males (n = 14, 25.07 ± 4.05 years) were randomised to 3 g/day n-3 supplementation (N-3, n = 7) or placebo (PLA, n = 7). Following 4 weeks supplementation, a downhill running protocol (60 min, 65% V̇Omax, - 10% gradient) was performed. Creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, perceived muscle soreness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and peak power were quantified pre, post, and 24, 48 and 72 h post-EIMD.
Muscle soreness was significantly lower in N-3 vs PLA group at 24 h post-EIMD (p = 0.034). IL-6 was increased in PLA (p = 0.009) but not in N-3 (p = 0.434) following EIMD, however, no significant differences were noted between groups. Peak power was significantly suppressed in PLA relative to pre-EIMD but not in N-3 group at 24 h post-EIMD. However, no significant difference in peak power output was observed between groups. MVIC, CK and TNF-α were altered by EIMD but did not differ between groups.
N-3 supplementation for 4 weeks may successfully attenuate minor aspects of EIMD. Whilst not improving performance, these findings may have relevance to soreness-associated exercise avoidance.
运动引起的肌肉损伤（EIMD）会导致短暂的肌肉炎症、力量下降、肌肉酸痛，并可能导致随后的运动回避。ω-3（n-3）补充剂可能通过其抗炎特性最小化 EIMD，但疗效仍不清楚。
健康男性（n=14，25.07±4.05 岁）被随机分为 3g/天 n-3 补充剂（N-3，n=7）或安慰剂（PLA，n=7）组。补充 4 周后，进行下坡跑步方案（60 分钟，65%V̇Omax，-10%坡度）。在 EIMD 前后及 24、48 和 72 小时后，测定肌酸激酶（CK）、白细胞介素（IL）-6 和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、肌肉酸痛感知、最大等长收缩（MVIC）和峰值功率。
EIMD 后 24 小时，N-3 组的肌肉酸痛明显低于 PLA 组（p=0.034）。PLA 组的 IL-6 在 EIMD 后升高（p=0.009），而 N-3 组则没有升高（p=0.434），但两组之间没有显著差异。EIMD 后 24 小时，PLA 组的峰值功率明显低于预 EIMD 水平，但 N-3 组则没有。然而，两组之间的峰值功率输出没有显著差异。MVIC、CK 和 TNF-α 均因 EIMD 而改变，但两组之间无差异。
4 周的 n-3 补充可能成功减轻 EIMD 的一些轻微方面。虽然不会改善运动表现，但这些发现可能与与疼痛相关的运动回避有关。
