Jamshidi Sanaz, Eskandari Zahra, Ojaroodi Amirhossein Faghih, Keramat Shayan, Stanek Agata
Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran.
Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 12;17(14):2303. doi: 10.3390/nu17142303.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common vascular disorder in the elderly, often accompanied by frailty syndrome, which is associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and functional decline. Nutritional strategies, particularly those involving bioactive compounds like flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids, have been suggested as potential approaches to modulate these pathological processes. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids, and their possible roles in mitigating frailty syndrome in patients with PAD. We examine mechanistic pathways including NF-κB, AMPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Nrf2, which are implicated in chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and muscle wasting. Although studies in general and aging populations suggest beneficial effects of these compounds on vascular and muscle health, specific evidence in PAD patients remains limited. Flavonoids may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and enhance antioxidant responses, while omega-3 fatty acids have shown potential in modulating inflammatory signaling and supporting vascular repair. Current data provide a basis for further investigation into the dietary modulation of frailty syndrome in PAD. Understanding the impact of these nutrients may offer insights into adjunctive strategies for improving patient outcomes.
外周动脉疾病（PAD）是老年人常见的血管疾病，常伴有衰弱综合征，这与炎症增加、氧化应激和功能衰退有关。营养策略，特别是那些涉及黄酮类化合物和ω-3脂肪酸等生物活性化合物的策略，已被认为是调节这些病理过程的潜在方法。这篇叙述性综述总结了关于黄酮类化合物和ω-3脂肪酸的抗炎和抗氧化作用的现有证据，以及它们在减轻PAD患者衰弱综合征方面可能发挥的作用。我们研究了包括NF-κB、AMPK、PI3K/Akt/mTOR和Nrf2在内的机制途径，这些途径与慢性炎症、内皮功能障碍和肌肉萎缩有关。尽管在一般人群和老年人群中的研究表明这些化合物对血管和肌肉健康有益，但在PAD患者中的具体证据仍然有限。黄酮类化合物可能会减少促炎细胞因子的产生并增强抗氧化反应，而ω-3脂肪酸在调节炎症信号和支持血管修复方面已显示出潜力。目前的数据为进一步研究PAD中衰弱综合征的饮食调节提供了基础。了解这些营养素的影响可能为改善患者预后的辅助策略提供见解。
