Williams Kendra N, Kephart Josiah L, Fandiño-Del-Rio Magdalena, O'Brien Carolyn J, Moulton Lawrence H, Koehler Kirsten, Harvey Steven A, Checkley William
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Energy Sustain Dev. 2020 Oct;58:150-157. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2020.07.011. Epub 2020 Sep 7.
Reducing the burden of household air pollution could be achieved with exclusive adoption of cleaner fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). However, we lack understanding of how much LPG is required to support exclusive use and how household characteristics affect this quantity. This paper used data from 90 participants in the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial in Puno, Peru who received free LPG deliveries for one year. Households with a mean of four members that cooked nearly exclusively (>98%) with LPG used an average of 19.1 kg (95% CI 18.5 to 19.6) of LPG per month for tasks similar to those done with the traditional biomass stove. LPG use per month was 0.5 kg higher for each additional pig or dog owned (p=0.003), 0.7 kg higher for each additional household member (p<0.001), 0.3 kg higher for households in the second-lowest compared to the lowest wealth quintile (p=0.01), and 1.1 kg higher if the household had previously received subsidized LPG (p=0.05). LPG use per month was 1.1 kg lower during the rainy season (p<0.001) and 1.7 kg lower during the planting season (p<0.001) compared to the cold and harvest seasons, despite the fact that LPG was not typically used for space heating. LPG use decreased by 0.05 kg per month over the course of one year after receiving the LPG stove (p=0.02). These results suggest that achieving exclusive LPG use in Puno, Peru requires that rural residents have affordable access to an average of two 10 kg LPG tanks per month. Conducting similar investigations in other countries could help policymakers set and target LPG subsidies to ensure that households have access to enough LPG to achieve exclusive LPG use and the potential health benefits.
仅采用清洁燃料（如液化石油气，LPG）就可以减轻家庭空气污染负担。然而，我们并不清楚支持独家使用LPG需要多少量，以及家庭特征如何影响这一数量。本文使用了来自秘鲁普诺市心肺疾病与家庭空气污染（CHAP）试验中90名参与者的数据，这些参与者免费获得了一年的LPG供应。平均有四名成员且几乎完全（>98%）使用LPG做饭的家庭，在进行与传统生物质炉灶类似的任务时，每月平均使用19.1千克（95%置信区间为18.5至19.6）LPG。每户每多养一头猪或一只狗，每月LPG使用量就增加0.5千克（p = 0.003）；每多一名家庭成员，每月LPG使用量增加0.7千克（p < 0.001）；与最贫困的财富五分位数家庭相比，第二贫困家庭的LPG使用量每月多0.3千克（p = 0.01）；如果家庭之前接受过LPG补贴，每月LPG使用量会增加1.1千克（p = 0.05）。与寒冷季节和收获季节相比，雨季每月LPG使用量低1.1千克（p < 0.001），种植季节每月低1.7千克（p < 0.001），尽管LPG通常不用于取暖。在收到LPG炉灶后的一年中，LPG使用量每月减少0.05千克（p = 0.02）。这些结果表明，在秘鲁普诺市实现LPG独家使用，农村居民每月平均需要能够负担得起两个10千克的LPG气瓶。在其他国家进行类似调查有助于政策制定者确定并设定LPG补贴目标，以确保家庭能够获得足够的LPG来实现独家使用，并获得潜在的健康益处。
