College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia.
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, South Australia.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1025-1032. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00648.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
Increased consumption of added sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup in the human diet has been associated with increasing incidence of obesity and metabolic disease. There are currently no reliable, objective biomarkers for added sugar intake that could be used in individuals or population settings. C is a stable isotope of carbon, and measurement of blood C content has been proposed as a marker of added sugar consumption. This study aimed to determine if breath CO could represent an alternative, noninvasive biomarker to monitor added sugar intake. We undertook retrospective analyses of eight preclinical and human C-breath studies to define baseline breath CO characteristics. All samples were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and breath CO was expressed as the delta value, δ expressed as parts per thousand (‰). All data are expressed as mean ± SEM, with statistical significance considered at < 0.05. Breath δCO was significantly elevated in a cumulative manner in rats and mice that consumed a diet containing at least 15% sucrose. Mice fed an American rodent chow diet containing 50% sucrose and 15% corn starch had a significantly higher breath δCO compared with rodents consuming an Australian rodent chow diet. Furthermore, breath δCO was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in humans that ingested a bolus dose of sucrose. These findings suggest application for baseline breath δCO as a noninvasive biomarker for added sugar consumption, with broad application for longitudinal assessment of population sugar intake and obesity management strategies. We have found that breath CO is increased in rats and mice consuming diets high in sucrose. We also found that human breath CO is increased in humans consuming increasing amounts of sucrose. Our collective findings suggest that breath CO represents a potential marker of added dietary sugar consumption.
在人类饮食中，添加蔗糖和高果糖玉米糖浆的消耗增加与肥胖和代谢性疾病的发病率增加有关。目前，没有可靠的、客观的添加糖摄入量生物标志物可用于个体或人群环境。C 是碳的一种稳定同位素，血液 C 含量的测量已被提议作为添加糖消耗的标志物。本研究旨在确定呼气 CO 是否可以作为替代的、非侵入性的生物标志物来监测添加糖的摄入。我们对八项临床前和人体 C 呼气研究进行了回顾性分析，以确定基线呼气 CO 的特征。所有样本均使用同位素比质谱仪进行分析，呼气 CO 以 δ 值表示，δ 表示为千分比（‰）。所有数据均表示为平均值±SEM，统计显著性水平为 < 0.05。摄入至少 15%蔗糖的饮食的大鼠和小鼠的呼气 δCO 呈累积性显著升高。与摄入澳大利亚啮齿动物饲料的啮齿动物相比，摄入含有 50%蔗糖和 15%玉米淀粉的美国啮齿动物饲料的小鼠的呼气 δCO 显著升高。此外，摄入蔗糖的人体呼气 δCO 呈剂量依赖性显著增加。这些发现表明，基线呼气 δCO 可作为添加糖摄入的非侵入性生物标志物，广泛应用于人群糖摄入量的纵向评估和肥胖管理策略。我们发现，摄入高蔗糖饮食的大鼠和小鼠的呼气 CO 增加。我们还发现，摄入蔗糖量增加的人体呼气 CO 增加。我们的综合研究结果表明，呼气 CO 代表了一种潜在的添加膳食糖摄入的标志物。
