College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 14;11(1):1456. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-80991-5.
In this study, sediments were collected from two different sites in the deep-sea hydrothermal region of the South Atlantic Ocean. Two microbial enrichment cultures (H7S and H11S), which were enriched from the sediments collected at two sample sites, could effectively degrade petroleum hydrocarbons. The bacterial diversity was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing method. The petroleum degradation ability were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gravimetric analysis. We found that the dominant oil-degrading bacteria of enrichment cultures from the deep-sea hydrothermal area belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Nitratireductor, Acinetobacter, and Brevundimonas. After a 14-day degradation experiment, the enrichment culture H11S, which was obtained near a hydrothermal vent, exhibited a higher degradation efficiency for alkanes (95%) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (88%) than the enrichment culture H7S. Interestingly, pristane and phytane as biomarkers were degraded up to 90% and 91% respectively by the enrichment culture H11S, and six culturable oil-degrading bacterial strains were isolated. Acinetobacter junii strain H11S-25, Nitratireductor sp. strain H11S-31 and Pseudomonas sp. strain H11S-28 were used at a density ratio of 95:4:1 to construct high-efficiency oil-degrading consortium H. After a three-day biodegradation experiment, consortium H showed high degradation efficiencies of 74.2% and 65.7% for total alkanes and PAHs, respectively. The degradation efficiency of biomarkers such as pristane and high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as CHR) reached 84.5% and 80.48%, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that the microorganisms in the deep-sea hydrothermal area are potential resources for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons. Consortium H, which was artificially constructed, showed a highly efficient oil-degrading capacity and has significant application prospects in oil pollution bioremediation.
在这项研究中，从南大西洋深海热液区的两个不同地点采集了沉积物。从两个采样点采集的沉积物中富集得到的两个微生物富集培养物（H7S 和 H11S）可以有效降解石油烃。通过高通量测序方法分析了细菌多样性。通过气相色谱-质谱和重量分析评估了石油降解能力。我们发现，来自深海热液区的富集培养物中的优势石油降解细菌属于假单胞菌属、硝酸还原菌属、不动杆菌属和短杆菌属。在 14 天的降解实验中，从热液喷口附近获得的富集培养物 H11S 对烷烃（95%）和多环芳烃（88%）的降解效率均高于富集培养物 H7S。有趣的是，生物标志物姥鲛烷和植烷分别被富集培养物 H11S 降解了 90%和 91%，并分离出了六株可培养的石油降解细菌。不动杆菌属 junii 菌株 H11S-25、硝酸还原菌属菌株 H11S-31 和假单胞菌属菌株 H11S-28 以 95:4:1 的密度比构建高效石油降解菌剂 H。在为期三天的生物降解实验中，菌剂 H 对总烷烃和 PAHs 的降解效率分别达到 74.2%和 65.7%。生物标志物如姥鲛烷和高分子量多环芳烃（如 CHR）的降解效率分别达到 84.5%和 80.48%。本研究结果表明，深海热液区的微生物是降解石油烃的潜在资源。人工构建的菌剂 H 表现出高效的石油降解能力，在石油污染生物修复方面具有广阔的应用前景。
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