Hoffmann Fabian, Möstl Stefan, Luchitskaya Elena, Funtova Irina, Jordan Jens, Baevsky Roman, Tank Jens
Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.
Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Heart Center University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Int J Cardiol Hypertens. 2019 Jun 19;2:100013. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2019.100013. eCollection 2019 Aug.
The environmental conditions in space, particularly exposure to cosmic radiation, coupled with decreased mobility, altered glucose metabolism, and hemodynamic changes may promote cardiovascular disease Therefore, we assessed early vascular aging markers and hemodynamics using a novel oscillometric blood pressure device.
In eight cosmonauts (46.5 ± 5.3 yrs, 77.6 ± 8.2 kg, 176 ± 6.2 cm, 7 men/1woman), we determined heart rate, peripheral blood pressure, central blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity in the supine position using an oscillometric brachial device coupled with transfer function analysis. We obtained measurements at baseline (65-90 days before flight) and four days (R+4) and eight days (R+8) after return from six months mission onboard the International Space Station.
Compared to baseline, heart rate increased significantly on R+4 (58.6 ± 6.4 vs. 70.3 ± 5.2 bpm) but did not differ on R+8. Central systolic blood pressure increased from 112.5 ± 13.5 on baseline to 125.6 ± 18.5 on R+4 and 121.6 ± 9.5 mmHg, albeit showing no statistical significance compared to baseline (p = 0.243/0.295). Peripheral diastolic and systolic as well as central diastolic blood pressure measurements followed this trend. Pulse wave velocity increased non-significantly from baseline (6.7 ± 0.8 m/s) to R+4 (7.2 ± 0.8 m/s, p = 0.499) and stayed elevated on R+8 (7.1 ± 0.5 m/s, p = 0.614).
The important finding of our study is that six months in a near-earth orbit do not lead to clinically significant changes in early vascular ageing biomarkers. However, these findings cannot be extrapolated to the conditions encountered in deep space. Non-invasive testing of vascular biomarkers may have utility in detecting vascular risks during space travel at an early stage.
太空环境条件，尤其是暴露于宇宙辐射，再加上活动能力下降、葡萄糖代谢改变和血流动力学变化，可能会促进心血管疾病的发生。因此，我们使用一种新型示波血压装置评估早期血管老化标志物和血流动力学。
在八名宇航员（年龄46.5±5.3岁，体重77.6±8.2千克，身高176±6.2厘米，7名男性/1名女性）中，我们使用结合传递函数分析的示波肱动脉装置，在仰卧位测定心率、外周血压、中心血压和脉搏波速度。我们在基线期（飞行前65 - 90天）以及从国际空间站执行六个月任务返回后的四天（R + 4）和八天（R + 8）进行测量。
与基线相比，心率在R + 4时显著增加（58.6±6.4对70.3±5.2次/分钟），但在R + 8时无差异。中心收缩压从基线时的112.5±13.5升高至R + 4时的125.6±18.5以及R + 8时的121.6±9.5毫米汞柱，尽管与基线相比无统计学意义（p = 0.243/0.295）。外周舒张压和收缩压以及中心舒张压测量值也遵循这一趋势。脉搏波速度从基线时的（6.7±0.8米/秒）至R + 4时无显著增加（7.2±0.8米/秒，p = 0.499），并在R + 8时保持升高（7.1±0.5米/秒，p = 0.614）。
我们研究的重要发现是，在近地轨道停留六个月不会导致早期血管老化生物标志物出现具有临床意义的变化。然而，这些发现不能外推至深空所遇到的条件。血管生物标志物的非侵入性检测可能有助于在太空旅行早期检测血管风险。
