School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
South Australian Research and Development Institute Waite Campus, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2021 Aug;13(4):482-494. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12925. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
The combined biochemical impact of carbon, nitrogen and temperature on the biosynthesis of the antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs): ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol produced by Aureobasidium pullulans A1 and A3 was investigated using a Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM). Normalized peak areas derived from solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) analysis, indicated that initial carbon content had a significant influence on the biosynthesis of ethanol and alcohols with greater than three carbon atoms. This result suggests a dominant activity of the A. pullulans anabolic pathway to biosynthesize three higher alcohols via de novo biosynthesis of amino acids from sugar metabolism. Low concentrations of carbon (3-13 g l ) with nitrogen as both ammonium and amino acids in the growth medium resulted in a higher number of significant linear and quadratic relationships. Nitrogen availability and growth temperature had significant negative linear and quadratic correlations with VOCs biosynthesis in most instances. Isolate-dependant metabolic response was evident for all abiotic parameters tested on alcohol production. The findings of this study offer new perspectives to improve the production of key antifungal compounds by antagonists in biological control systems.
采用 Box-Behnken 实验设计和响应面法（RSM）研究了碳、氮和温度对出芽短梗霉 A1 和 A3 产生的抗真菌挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）：乙醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇和 2-苯乙醇生物合成的综合生化影响。归一化后的固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（SPME-GC-MS）分析得到的峰面积表明，初始碳含量对乙醇和大于三个碳原子的醇类的生物合成有显著影响。这一结果表明，出芽短梗霉的合成途径通过糖代谢从头合成氨基酸，从而具有合成三种高级醇的主要活性。在生长培养基中，碳浓度较低（3-13 g l），同时含有铵盐和氨基酸，这导致了更多的显著线性和二次关系。在大多数情况下，氮的可用性和生长温度与 VOCs 生物合成呈显著的线性和二次负相关。在所有测试的非生物参数中，都可以观察到对酒精生产具有依赖性的代谢反应。本研究的结果为生物防治系统中通过拮抗物提高关键抗真菌化合物的生产提供了新的视角。
