Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Dijon, F 21000 Dijon, France.
National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, F 21000 Dijon, France.
Viruses. 2021 Jan 13;13(1):104. doi: 10.3390/v13010104.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a multifactorial disease in which dietary, genetic, immunological, and microbial factors are at play. The role of enteric viruses in IBD remains only partially explored. To date, epidemiological studies have not fully described the role of enteric viruses in inflammatory flare-ups, especially that of human noroviruses and rotaviruses, which are the main causative agents of viral gastroenteritis. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the association between IBD, polymorphisms of the and genes (which drive the synthesis of histo-blood group antigens), and ligands for norovirus and rotavirus in the intestine. The role of autophagy in defensin-deficient Paneth cells and the perturbations of cytokine secretion in T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 inflammatory pathways following enteric virus infections have been demonstrated as well. Enteric virus interactions with commensal bacteria could play a significant role in the modulation of enteric virus infections in IBD. Based on the currently incomplete knowledge of the complex phenomena underlying IBD pathogenesis, future studies using multi-sampling and data integration combined with new techniques such as human intestinal enteroids could help to decipher the role of enteric viruses in IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD），包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD），是一种多因素疾病，其中饮食、遗传、免疫和微生物因素都在起作用。肠病毒在 IBD 中的作用仍未得到充分探索。迄今为止，流行病学研究尚未充分描述肠病毒在炎症发作中的作用，特别是人类诺如病毒和轮状病毒，它们是病毒性胃肠炎的主要病原体。全基因组关联研究表明，IBD 与 和 基因的多态性（驱动组织血型抗原的合成）以及肠道中诺如病毒和轮状病毒的配体之间存在关联。还证明了自噬在防御素缺陷的潘氏细胞中的作用以及肠病毒感染后 T 辅助 1 和 T 辅助 17 炎症途径中细胞因子分泌的紊乱。肠病毒与共生细菌的相互作用可能在调节 IBD 中的肠病毒感染方面发挥重要作用。基于目前对 IBD 发病机制背后复杂现象的不完全了解，未来的研究可以使用多采样和数据整合，并结合人类肠道类器官等新技术，有助于阐明肠病毒在 IBD 中的作用。
