Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 15;11(1):1642. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80454-3.
Ticks secrete proteins in their saliva that change over the course of feeding to modulate the host inflammation, immune responses, haemostasis or may cause paralysis. RNA next generation sequencing technologies can reveal the complex dynamics of tick salivary glands as generated from various tick life stages and/or males and females. The current study represents 15,115 Illumina sequenced contigs of the salivary gland transcriptome from male and female Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks of early, mid and late feeding stages from 1320 separate assemblies using three short read assemblers. The housekeeping functional class contributed to the majority of the composition of the transcriptome (80%) but with lower expression (51%), while the secretory protein functional class represented only 14% of the transcriptome but 46% of the total coverage. Six percent had an unknown status contributing 3% of the overall expression in the salivary glands. Platelet aggregation inhibitors, blood clotting inhibitors and immune-modulators orthologous to the ancestral tick lineages were confirmed in the transcriptome and their differential expression during feeding in both genders observed. This transcriptome contributes data of importance to salivary gland biology and blood feeding physiology of non-model organisms.
蜱在其唾液中分泌蛋白质，这些蛋白质在进食过程中会发生变化，从而调节宿主的炎症、免疫反应、止血或导致瘫痪。RNA 下一代测序技术可以揭示不同蜱生活阶段和/或雄性和雌性蜱的唾液腺的复杂动态。本研究代表了来自早期、中期和晚期进食阶段的雄性和雌性 Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 蜱的唾液腺转录组的 15,115 个 Illumina 测序连续体，使用三个短读序列组装器从 1320 个单独的组装体中获得。管家功能类对转录组的大部分组成（80%）贡献较大，但表达水平较低（51%），而分泌蛋白功能类仅占转录组的 14%，但占总覆盖度的 46%。有 6%的未知状态，在唾液腺中的总表达中占 3%。在转录组中证实了与祖先蜱谱系同源的血小板聚集抑制剂、血液凝固抑制剂和免疫调节剂，并观察到它们在两性进食过程中的差异表达。该转录组为非模式生物的唾液腺生物学和血液进食生理学提供了重要数据。
