Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Age Ageing. 2021 Jun 28;50(4):1268-1276. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa285.
We examined the associations between dual impairments in visual and hearing acuity and aging-related cognitive decline.
This was a longitudinal study of adults who had visual and hearing acuity and cognitive function assessed in 1992-1996 and were followed for up to 24 years (mean = 7.3 years), with up to five additional cognitive assessments. Visual impairment was defined as vision worse than 20/40, hearing impairment as pure-tone average thresholds >25 dB. Associations were tested using linear mixed-effects regressions.
Of 1,383 participants, 293 had visual impairment, 990 had a hearing impairment and 251 had both deficits. In fully adjusted models, low visual acuity was associated with poorer Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; β = -0.29) and Trail-Making Test Part B (Trails B; β = 13.22) performance, and with faster declines in MMSE (β = -0.12) and Trails B (β = 1.84). The combination of low visual and low hearing acuity was associated with poorer MMSE (β = -0.44) and Trails B (β = 11.20) scores, and with faster declines in MMSE (β = -0.19), Trails B (β = 3.50), and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT; β = -0.14) performance. Associations were similar in men and women.
Impairments in both vision and hearing are associated with a more rapid decline in cognitive function with aging.
我们研究了视力和听力双重障碍与与衰老相关的认知能力下降之间的关系。
这是一项对成年人的纵向研究，他们在 1992-1996 年接受了视力和听力以及认知功能评估，并进行了长达 24 年（平均 7.3 年）的随访，最多进行了五次额外的认知评估。视力障碍定义为视力低于 20/40，听力障碍定义为纯音平均阈值>25dB。使用线性混合效应回归测试关联。
在 1383 名参与者中，293 人有视力障碍，990 人有听力障碍，251 人同时存在两种缺陷。在完全调整的模型中，低视力与简易精神状态检查（MMSE；β=−0.29）和连线测试 B（Trails B；β=13.22）表现较差，以及 MMSE（β=−0.12）和 Trails B（β=1.84）的下降速度较快有关。低视力和低听力的结合与 MMSE（β=−0.44）和 Trails B（β=11.20）评分较差，以及 MMSE（β=−0.19）、Trails B（β=3.50）和词语流畅性测试（VFT；β=−0.14）的下降速度较快有关。这些关联在男性和女性中相似。
视力和听力的双重障碍与衰老过程中认知功能的快速下降有关。
