Zhao Lili, Skwarczynski Mariusz, Toth Istvan
School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2019 Oct 14;5(10):4937-4950. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01135. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
The use of peptides and proteins in the pharmaceutical field has increased dramatically over recent years. They have been especially relevant to advances in the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, and cardiovascular, ophthalmological, metabolic, and infectious diseases. Despite the great potential of peptides and proteins, their use in pharmaceuticals has failed to reach its full potential because of some outstanding challenges. They are unstable under storage conditions and in biological milieus, and their high molecular weight limits permeation through biological membranes. A variety of delivery systems have been investigated to overcome these limitations. Polyelectrolytes (PEs) are molecules that bear multiple negative or positive charges. These molecules play an important role in various platforms relating to the delivery of peptide/protein-based drugs and subunit vaccines. The most commonly utilized PEs include chitosan, alginate, chondroitin sulfate, and poly(γ-glutamic acid). PE-based delivery systems, such as polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), PE-coated nanocarriers, and PE multilayers, were designed to protect peptides and proteins from degradation and facilitate their absorption. These delivery systems are especially effective when administered orally or intranasally. This review emphasizes the important role of PEs and PE-based delivery vehicles in peptide/protein-based drugs and vaccines.
近年来，肽和蛋白质在制药领域的应用显著增加。它们在癌症、类风湿性关节炎、白血病以及心血管、眼科、代谢和传染病的治疗进展中尤其重要。尽管肽和蛋白质具有巨大潜力，但由于一些突出挑战，它们在制药中的应用尚未充分发挥其潜力。它们在储存条件下和生物环境中不稳定，并且其高分子量限制了通过生物膜的渗透。为克服这些限制，人们研究了多种递送系统。聚电解质（PEs）是带有多个负电荷或正电荷的分子。这些分子在与基于肽/蛋白质的药物和亚单位疫苗递送相关的各种平台中发挥着重要作用。最常用的聚电解质包括壳聚糖、藻酸盐、硫酸软骨素和聚（γ-谷氨酸）。基于聚电解质的递送系统，如聚电解质复合物（PECs）、聚电解质包被的纳米载体和聚电解质多层膜，旨在保护肽和蛋白质不被降解并促进其吸收。这些递送系统在口服或鼻内给药时特别有效。本综述强调了聚电解质和基于聚电解质的递送载体在基于肽/蛋白质的药物和疫苗中的重要作用。
