Pal Kaushik, Dutta Tanoy, Koner Apurba Lal
Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
ACS Omega. 2020 Dec 23;6(1):28-37. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04920. eCollection 2021 Jan 12.
The spatiotemporal distribution of intracellular physical parameters of a live cell is heterogeneous and complex. Measuring physical properties inside given cellular compartments (organelles) is challenging and important for therapy and diagnostics. The tiny volume of a single cell and even tinier organelles are not accessible by classical measuring devices. The microenvironment inside an organelle vastly controls the outcome of any biochemical and biophysical processes taking place inside it, which is crucial for the overall cellular health. Therefore, it is very important to understand the microenvironmental physical properties inside cellular organelles. Moreover, specific alterations of such microenvironmental properties were observed in the disease condition, making them a diagnostic hallmark. With this high demand, small-molecule organic fluorophores are emerging as the most successful tool due to their small relative size, bioavailability, and ease of functionalization. In this mini-review, the development of micropolarity-sensitive small organic fluorophore with the capability of targeting a specific cellular organelle has been discussed. Here, we have highlighted the strategies of targeting a specific organelle, the micropolarity, and the challenges and prospects of the field.
活细胞内物理参数的时空分布是异质且复杂的。测量给定细胞区室（细胞器）内的物理性质对于治疗和诊断具有挑战性且十分重要。单个细胞以及更小的细胞器的微小体积是传统测量设备无法触及的。细胞器内部的微环境极大地控制着其中发生的任何生化和生物物理过程的结果，这对细胞的整体健康至关重要。因此，了解细胞器内部的微环境物理性质非常重要。此外，在疾病状态下观察到了这种微环境性质的特定改变，使其成为一种诊断标志。鉴于这种高需求，小分子有机荧光团因其相对较小的尺寸、生物利用度和易于功能化而成为最成功的工具。在本综述中，讨论了具有靶向特定细胞器能力的微极性敏感型小型有机荧光团的发展。在此，我们突出了靶向特定细胞器的策略、微极性以及该领域的挑战和前景。
