Dias Catarina, Nylandsted Jesper
Membrane Integrity, Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Cell Discov. 2021 Jan 19;7(1):4. doi: 10.1038/s41421-020-00233-2.
Maintenance of plasma membrane integrity is essential for normal cell viability and function. Thus, robust membrane repair mechanisms have evolved to counteract the eminent threat of a torn plasma membrane. Different repair mechanisms and the bio-physical parameters required for efficient repair are now emerging from different research groups. However, less is known about when these mechanisms come into play. This review focuses on the existence of membrane disruptions and repair mechanisms in both physiological and pathological conditions, and across multiple cell types, albeit to different degrees. Fundamentally, irrespective of the source of membrane disruption, aberrant calcium influx is the common stimulus that activates the membrane repair response. Inadequate repair responses can tip the balance between physiology and pathology, highlighting the significance of plasma membrane integrity. For example, an over-activated repair response can promote cancer invasion, while the inability to efficiently repair membrane can drive neurodegeneration and muscular dystrophies. The interdisciplinary view explored here emphasises the widespread potential of targeting plasma membrane repair mechanisms for therapeutic purposes.
维持质膜完整性对于正常细胞的生存能力和功能至关重要。因此，强大的膜修复机制已经进化出来，以应对质膜撕裂这一迫在眉睫的威胁。不同的研究小组正在揭示不同的修复机制以及有效修复所需的生物物理参数。然而，对于这些机制何时发挥作用，人们了解得较少。本综述重点关注生理和病理条件下以及多种细胞类型中膜破坏和修复机制的存在情况，尽管程度有所不同。从根本上说，无论膜破坏的来源如何，异常的钙内流是激活膜修复反应的常见刺激因素。修复反应不足会打破生理与病理之间的平衡，凸显了质膜完整性的重要性。例如，过度激活的修复反应会促进癌症侵袭，而无法有效修复膜则会导致神经退行性变和肌肉萎缩症。本文探讨的跨学科观点强调了针对质膜修复机制进行治疗的广泛潜力。
