Douglas Samuel P, Mrig Shreya, Knapp Caroline E
Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
Chemistry. 2021 Jun 1;27(31):8062-8081. doi: 10.1002/chem.202004860. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
This Minireview compares two distinct ink types, namely metal-organic decomposition (MOD) and nanoparticle (NP) formulations, for use in the printing of some of the most conductive elements: silver, copper and aluminium. Printing of highly conductive features has found purpose across a broad array of electronics and as processing times and temperatures reduce, the avenues of application expand to low-cost flexible substrates, materials for wearable devices and beyond. Printing techniques such as screen, aerosol jet and inkjet printing are scalable, solution-based processes that historically have employed NP formulations to achieve low resistivity coatings printed at high resolution. Since the turn of the century, the rise in MOD inks has vastly extended the range of potentially applicable compounds that can be printed, whilst simultaneously addressing shelf life and sintering issues. A brief introduction to the field and requirements of an ink will be presented followed by a detailed discussion of a wide array of synthetic routes to both MOD and NP inks. Unindustrialized materials will be discussed, with the challenges and outlook considered for the market leaders: silver and copper, in comparison with the emerging field of aluminium inks.
本综述比较了两种不同类型的墨水，即金属有机分解（MOD）墨水和纳米颗粒（NP）配方墨水，用于印刷一些导电性最强的元素：银、铜和铝。高导电性特征的印刷已在广泛的电子产品中得到应用，随着加工时间和温度的降低，应用领域扩展到低成本柔性基板、可穿戴设备材料等。丝网印刷、气溶胶喷射印刷和喷墨印刷等印刷技术是可扩展的、基于溶液的工艺，历史上一直采用NP配方来实现高分辨率印刷的低电阻涂层。自世纪之交以来，MOD墨水的兴起极大地扩展了可印刷的潜在适用化合物的范围，同时解决了保质期和烧结问题。本文将简要介绍墨水领域及对墨水的要求，随后详细讨论制备MOD和NP墨水的多种合成路线。还将讨论未工业化的材料，考虑市场领先者银和铜面临的挑战与前景，并与新兴的铝墨水领域进行比较。
