Stankus R P, O'Neil C E
Department of Medicine, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, La.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988 Mar;81(3):563-70.
Cockroach allergens have been implicated as clinically significant sensitizing agents in the induction/exacerbation of "urban asthma." In the present study, approximately 50% of atopic, predominantly inner-city residents had immediate wheal-and-flare cutaneous reactivity to a commercial American cockroach whole body extract. Crude whole body extracts were prepared in our laboratory from both American (Periplaneta americana) and German (Blatella germanica) cockroach species. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of American cockroach whole body extract (AWBE) and German cockroach whole body extract (GWBE) detected a total of 50 and 56 precipitin peaks, respectively, when extracts were reacted with hyperimmunized rabbit antisera. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis identified at least five electrophoretically distinct allergens each in AWBE and GWBE. Cockroach whole body extracts produced two major protein peaks when extracts were fractionated on Sephadex G-75. RAST-inhibition studies demonstrated allergens in both peak 1 and the immediate trailing fractions of the column. Direct RAST and end point prick skin testing confirmed the presence of significant/important allergens in column "fraction 2" of AWBE. Skin testing and RAST analysis suggested the occurrence of shared and species-specific allergens between AWBE and GWBE. Collectively, these studies confirm the important sensitizing potential of cockroach allergens, characterize their number and size distribution by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis and column chromatography, support the occurrence of significant allergens in column "fraction 2," and suggest the occurrence of both species-specific and shared interspecies allergens.
蟑螂过敏原已被认为是诱发/加重“城市哮喘”的具有临床意义的致敏原。在本研究中，约50%的特应性患者（主要是市中心居民）对一种美国商用蟑螂全虫提取物有即刻风团和潮红皮肤反应。我们实验室从美国蟑螂（美洲大蠊）和德国蟑螂（德国小蠊）中制备了粗制全虫提取物。当美国蟑螂全虫提取物（AWBE）和德国蟑螂全虫提取物（GWBE）与超免疫兔抗血清反应时，交叉免疫电泳分别检测到50个和56个沉淀峰。交叉放射免疫电泳确定AWBE和GWBE中各至少有五种电泳性质不同的过敏原。当在葡聚糖凝胶G - 75上对提取物进行分级分离时，蟑螂全虫提取物产生了两个主要蛋白峰。RAST抑制研究表明，峰1和柱的紧邻拖尾部分均存在过敏原。直接RAST和终点点刺皮肤试验证实AWBE的柱“级分2”中存在重要过敏原。皮肤试验和RAST分析表明AWBE和GWBE之间存在共同过敏原和种特异性过敏原。总体而言，这些研究证实了蟑螂过敏原重要的致敏潜力，通过交叉放射免疫电泳和柱色谱法确定了它们的数量和大小分布，支持柱“级分2”中存在重要过敏原，并表明存在种特异性过敏原和种间共同过敏原。
