Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
Environ Int. 2021 Mar;148:106383. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106383. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) rapidly increased over the past decades. However, little evidence exists about the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on MetS in children and adolescents.
This study aims to assess the association between long-term ambient air pollution and the prevalence of MetS in a large population of Chinese children and adolescents.
In 2013, a total of 9,897 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were recruited from seven provinces/municipalities in China. MetS was defined based on the recommendation by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Satellite based spatio-temporal models were used to estimate exposure to ambient air pollution (including particles with diameters ≤1.0 µm (PM), ≤2.5 µm (PM), and ≤10 µm (PM), and nitrogen dioxide (NO)). Individual exposure was calculated according to 94 schools addresses. After adjustment for a range of covariates, generalized linear mixed-effects models were utilized to evaluate the associations between air pollutants and the prevalence of MetS and its components. In addition, several stratified analyses were examined according to sex, weight status, outdoor physical activity time, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake.
The prevalence of MetS was 2.8%. The odds ratio of MetS associated with a 10 μg/m increase in PM, PM, PM and NO was 1.20 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.46), 1.31 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.64), 1.32 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.62), and 1.33 (95%CI: 1.03, 1.72), respectively. Regarding the MetS components, we observed associations between all pollutants and abdominal obesity. In addition, long-term PM and NO exposures were associated with the prevalence of elevated fasting blood glucose. Stratified analyses detected that the associations between air pollutants and the prevalence of MetS were stronger in boys (P < 0.05).
We found that long-term exposure to PM, PM, and NO were positively associated with the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents. Our findings may have certain public health implications for some comprehensive strategy of environment improvement and lifestyles changes in order to reduce the burden of non-communicable disease.
代谢综合征（MetS）的患病率在过去几十年中迅速上升。然而，关于长期暴露于环境空气污染对儿童和青少年 MetS 的影响，证据有限。
本研究旨在评估大气污染长期暴露与中国儿童和青少年 MetS 患病率之间的关联。
2013 年，从中国七个省/直辖市招募了 9897 名 10 至 18 岁的儿童和青少年。根据国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）的建议，将 MetS 定义为。使用基于卫星的时空模型来估计环境空气污染（包括直径≤1.0 µm（PM）、≤2.5 µm（PM）和≤10 µm（PM）和二氧化氮（NO））的暴露程度。根据 94 所学校的地址计算个人暴露量。在调整了一系列协变量后，利用广义线性混合效应模型评估了空气污染物与 MetS 及其成分患病率之间的关系。此外，还根据性别、体重状况、户外活动时间和含糖饮料（SSB）摄入量进行了几项分层分析。
MetS 的患病率为 2.8%。与 PM、PM、PM 和 NO 每增加 10μg/m 相关的 MetS 比值比（OR）分别为 1.20（95%CI：0.99，1.46）、1.31（95%CI：1.05，1.64）、1.32（95%CI：1.08，1.62）和 1.33（95%CI：1.03，1.72）。对于 MetS 成分，我们观察到所有污染物与腹型肥胖之间存在关联。此外，长期 PM 和 NO 暴露与空腹血糖升高的患病率相关。分层分析发现，空气污染物与 MetS 患病率之间的关联在男孩中更强（P<0.05）。
我们发现，长期暴露于 PM、PM 和 NO 与儿童和青少年 MetS 的患病率呈正相关。我们的研究结果可能对某些改善环境和生活方式变化的综合策略具有一定的公共卫生意义，以减轻非传染性疾病的负担。
