Salvia Rosanna, Scieuzo Carmen, Grimaldi Annalisa, Fanti Paolo, Moretta Antonio, Franco Antonio, Varricchio Paola, Vinson S Bradleigh, Falabella Patrizia
Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
Spinoff XFlies s.r.l, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
Insects. 2021 Jan 5;12(1):33. doi: 10.3390/insects12010033.
(Viereck) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an endophagous parasitoid of the larval stages of the tobacco budworm, (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). During oviposition, injects into the host body, along with the egg, the venom, the calyx fluid, which contains a Polydnavirus ( BracoVirus: BV), and the Ovarian Proteins (OPs). Although viral gene expression in the host reaches detectable levels after a few hours, a precocious disruption of the host metabolism and immune system is observed right after parasitization. This alteration appears to be induced by female secretions including BV venom and OPs. OPs, originating from the ovarian calyx cells, are involved in the induction of precocious symptoms in the host immune system alteration. It is known that OPs in braconid and ichneumonid wasps can interfere with the cellular immune response before Polydnavirus infects and expresses its genes in the host tissues. Here we show that OPs induce several alterations on host haemocytes that trigger cell death. The OP injection induces an extensive oxidative stress and a disorganization of actin cytoskeleton and these alterations can explain the high-level of haemocyte mortality, the loss of haemocyte functionality, and so the reduction in encapsulation ability by the host.
维雷克黄蜂（膜翅目，茧蜂科）是烟草夜蛾（鳞翅目，夜蛾科）幼虫阶段的内寄生性寄生蜂。在产卵过程中，维雷克黄蜂会将毒液、含有多DNA病毒（茧蜂病毒：BV）的萼液以及卵巢蛋白（OPs）与卵一起注入宿主体内。尽管宿主中的病毒基因表达在数小时后达到可检测水平，但在寄生后立即观察到宿主新陈代谢和免疫系统的早熟破坏。这种改变似乎是由包括BV毒液和OPs在内的雌性分泌物诱导的。源自卵巢萼细胞的OPs参与了宿主免疫系统改变中早熟症状的诱导。已知茧蜂和姬蜂中的OPs可以在多DNA病毒感染并在宿主组织中表达其基因之前干扰细胞免疫反应。在这里，我们表明OPs会诱导宿主血细胞发生几种改变，从而引发细胞死亡。注射OPs会引发广泛的氧化应激和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的紊乱，这些改变可以解释血细胞的高死亡率、血细胞功能的丧失，以及宿主包囊化能力的降低。
