Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata 700017, India.
Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Jan 14;13(1):58. doi: 10.3390/toxins13010058.
Since its introduction as a treatment for strabismus, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has had a phenomenal journey and is now recommended as first-line treatment for focal dystonia, despite short-term clinical benefits and the risks of adverse effects. To cater for the high demand across various medical specialties, at least six US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved formulations of BoNT are currently available for diverse labelled indications. The toxo-pharmacological properties of these formulations are not uniform and thus should not be used interchangeably. Synthetic BoNTs and BoNTs from non-clostridial sources are not far from clinical use. Moreover, the study of mutations in naturally occurring toxins has led to modulation in the toxo-pharmacokinetic properties of BoNTs, including the duration and potency. We present an overview of the toxo-pharmacology of conventional and novel BoNT preparations, including those awaiting imminent translation from the laboratory to the clinic.
自肉毒毒素（BoNT）被引入斜视治疗以来，它经历了一段非凡的历程，现在已被推荐为局灶性肌张力障碍的一线治疗药物，尽管其具有短期的临床获益和不良反应风险。为了满足各医学专业的高需求，目前至少有六种获得美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的 BoNT 制剂可用于多种有标签的适应证。这些制剂的毒理学药理学特性并不统一，因此不应互换使用。合成 BoNTs 和非梭菌来源的 BoNTs 也即将进入临床应用。此外，对天然毒素突变的研究导致 BoNTs 的毒理学药理学特性发生了调制，包括持续时间和效力。我们介绍了常规和新型 BoNT 制剂的毒理学药理学概述，包括那些即将从实验室转化到临床的制剂。
