Piccoli Alessandro, Rossettini Giacomo, Cecchetto Simone, Viceconti Antonello, Ristori Diego, Turolla Andrea, Maselli Filippo, Testa Marco
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, 17100 Savona, Italy.
Trento Health Care Authority, 38123 Trento, Italy.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2018 Jul 25;3(3):40. doi: 10.3390/jfmk3030040.
Exercise is one of the main rehabilitative interventions, commonly used to improve performance and motor learning. During the application of attentional focus strategies, External Focus of Attention (EFA) aiming at the movement effect has been reported to have more efficacy than Internal Focus of Attention (IFA) aiming at movement characteristics in healthy subjects. There are not many studies that compare the EFA and IFA instructions in people with Musculoskeletal (MSK) and Central Nervous System disorders (CNS). The purpose of this systematic review is to determine if IFA or EFA, in patients with CNS or MSK, may improve performance and have some effects on motor learning. Databases used for research: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro, PsycINFO, SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria: Randomized Controlled Trial, quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial, enrolled subjects with CNS or with MSK and compared the efficacy of EFA and IFA. The studies suggest that the EFA is better than IFA in affecting the movement execution in patients with MSK, while conflicted findings emerge in presence of CNS disorders. Studies included in the qualitative analysis showed heterogeneous methodological features in study design and conductance, so results must be interpreted with caution.
运动是主要的康复干预措施之一，常用于改善运动表现和运动学习。在应用注意力焦点策略的过程中，据报道，针对运动效果的外部注意力焦点（EFA）在健康受试者中比针对运动特征的内部注意力焦点（IFA）更有效。比较EFA和IFA指令对肌肉骨骼（MSK）和中枢神经系统疾病（CNS）患者影响的研究并不多。本系统评价的目的是确定在CNS或MSK患者中，IFA或EFA是否能改善运动表现并对运动学习产生一些影响。用于研究的数据库：PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆、PEDro、PsycINFO、SCOPUS。纳入标准：随机对照试验、半随机对照试验，纳入患有CNS或MSK的受试者，并比较EFA和IFA的疗效。研究表明，在影响MSK患者的运动执行方面，EFA优于IFA，而在存在CNS疾病的情况下则出现了相互矛盾的结果。纳入定性分析的研究在研究设计和实施方面显示出异质性的方法学特征，因此对结果的解释必须谨慎。
