Ingrassia Massimo, Mazza Francesco, Totaro Piera, Benedetto Loredana
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Feb 13;5(1):12. doi: 10.3390/jfmk5010012.
Sports and physical activity are recognized as a source of psycho-physical well-being. Therefore, practicing sports can improve the perception of the quality of life (QoL). The study investigated in adults with atypical development (AD) and typical development (TD) if the perceptions of well-being and QoL may depend on the frequency of practicing sports. Participants were 51 AD (age = 32.98, = 7.81; 45.1% female) and 270 TD adults (age = 26.50, = 6.52; 79.3% female) subsequently divided into three groups: 1) people not practicing sports, or 2) practicing it occasionally, or 3) practicing it regularly. We adopted general self-efficacy, life satisfaction, positive well-being, and psychological distress related to physical exercise as measures of well-being, WHOQOL-BREF as QoL, and I-TIPI-R as indicators of Big Five personality factors. Questionnaires were completed online. Practicing sports influenced the perception of well-being and QoL. For the AD group, sporting practice seems to have assumed an equalization effect, eliminating the statistical differences between well-being and QoL measures of AD and TD groups. Associations emerged between Big Five and well-being and QoL indices with some differences as a function of group characteristics. In summary, results suggest that practicing sports is strongly associated with improvements in perceptions of well-being and QoL, especially in disabled persons.
运动和体育活动被认为是身心健康的一个来源。因此，进行体育锻炼可以提高生活质量（QoL）的感知。该研究调查了非典型发育（AD）和典型发育（TD）的成年人，幸福感和生活质量的感知是否可能取决于体育锻炼的频率。参与者为51名AD成年人（年龄 = 32.98，标准差 = 7.81；45.1%为女性）和270名TD成年人（年龄 = 26.50，标准差 = 6.52；79.3%为女性），随后分为三组：1）不进行体育锻炼的人，或2）偶尔进行体育锻炼的人，或3）经常进行体育锻炼的人。我们采用一般自我效能感、生活满意度、积极幸福感以及与体育锻炼相关的心理困扰作为幸福感的衡量指标，采用世界卫生组织生活质量简表（WHOQOL - BREF）作为生活质量指标，采用国际个性项目池 - 简短修订版（I - TIPI - R）作为大五人格因素的指标。问卷通过在线方式完成。进行体育锻炼会影响幸福感和生活质量的感知。对于AD组来说，体育锻炼似乎起到了一种均衡作用，消除了AD组和TD组在幸福感和生活质量测量方面的统计学差异。大五人格与幸福感和生活质量指数之间出现了关联，且存在一些因组特征而异的差异。总之，结果表明进行体育锻炼与幸福感和生活质量的改善密切相关，尤其是在残疾人中。
