Conder Rebecca, Zamani Reza, Akrami Mohammad
Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Department of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Dec 2;4(4):72. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4040072.
During pregnancy, a number of biomechanical and hormonal changes occur that can alter spinal curvature, balance, and gait patterns by affecting key areas of the human body. This can greatly impact quality of life (QOL) by increasing back pain and the risk of falls. These effects are likely to be the ultimate result of a number of hormonal and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. Research Question and Methodology: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review sets out to analyse all available literature relating to the biomechanics factors caused by pregnancy and assess how this might reduce QOL. Fifty papers were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review based on the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Results: Angles of lordosis and kyphosis of the spine are significantly increased by pregnancy, but not consistently across all studies. Back pain is significantly increased in pregnant women, although this is not significantly correlated with spinal changes. Increased movements of centre of pressure (COP) and increased stability indexes indicate postural control is reduced in pregnancy. Trunk range of motion, hip flexion, and extension are reduced, as well as decreased stride length, decreased gait velocity, and increased step width; again, not consistently. It is likely that each woman adopts unique techniques to minimise the effects, for example increasing step width to improve balance. Further research should focus on how altered limb kinematics during gait might affect QOL by influencing the human body, as well as assessing parameters in all planes to develop a wider understanding of pregnant biomechanical alterations.
在怀孕期间，会发生一些生物力学和激素变化，这些变化会通过影响人体的关键部位来改变脊柱曲度、平衡和步态模式。这会增加背痛和跌倒风险，从而极大地影响生活质量（QOL）。这些影响可能是怀孕期间发生的多种激素和生物力学变化的最终结果。研究问题与方法：本系统评价采用系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，旨在分析所有与妊娠引起的生物力学因素相关的现有文献，并评估其如何降低生活质量。基于PUBMED和SCOPUS数据库，有50篇论文被认为符合纳入本评价的条件。结果：怀孕会使脊柱前凸和后凸角度显著增加，但并非在所有研究中都一致。孕妇的背痛显著增加，尽管这与脊柱变化没有显著相关性。压力中心（COP）的移动增加和稳定性指数增加表明怀孕期间姿势控制能力下降。躯干活动范围、髋关节屈伸减少，步幅长度、步态速度降低，步宽增加；同样，并非一致。每个女性可能会采用独特的技巧来尽量减少这些影响，例如增加步宽以改善平衡。进一步的研究应关注步态中肢体运动学的改变如何通过影响人体来影响生活质量，以及评估所有平面上的参数，以更全面地了解孕期生物力学变化。
