Molina Juan Lucía, Sospedra Isabel, Perales Alejandro, González-Díaz Cristina, Gil-Izquierdo Angel, Martínez-Sanz José Miguel
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Campus de Sant Vicent Del Raspeig, Ap.99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Jan 20;24(4):1-9. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020005121.
To analyse the information on health claims present in the labelling of creatine monohydrate (CM) products.
A descriptive study of a selection of products marketed as CM, with health claims, and that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, was conducted using the Amazon and Google Shopping websites. The adequacy and compliance of the health claims were evaluated with the European legislative requirements (European Food Safety Authority and European Commission). The results were discussed with scientific evidence criteria from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and International Society of Sports Nutrition, as well as the systematic review carried out by Mielgo-Ayuso in 2019.
Health claims in the commercial communications of a sample of CM supplements, in relation to current legislation and scientific knowledge.
A total of 554 CM products were obtained.
Of the total sample, only 167 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of these, 30·5 % recommended a CM dose of 5·0-5·9 g/d, while 29·9 % recommended 3·0 to 3·9 g/d. As for the health claims, 'Enhances physical performance' appeared in 73·1 % of the supplements, in most cases referring to a dosage of 3·0 to 3·9 g/d for these products. The rest of the declarations were not adequate or needed to be modified.
Only 25 % of the health claims complied with the criteria established by the scientific reference documents. Most of the declarations must be modified or eliminated, as they could be considered fraudulent and/or misleading for the consumer.
分析一水肌酸（CM）产品标签中存在的健康声称信息。
使用亚马逊和谷歌购物网站，对一系列作为CM销售且带有健康声称并符合纳入/排除标准的产品进行描述性研究。根据欧洲立法要求（欧洲食品安全局和欧盟委员会）评估健康声称的充分性和合规性。结果依据营养与饮食学会、国际奥委会和国际运动营养学会的科学证据标准，以及米尔戈 - 阿尤索在2019年进行的系统评价进行讨论。
CM补充剂样本商业宣传中的健康声称，与现行立法和科学知识相关。
共获取554种CM产品。
在总样本中，只有167种符合纳入/排除标准。其中，30.5%推荐的CM剂量为5.0 - 5.9克/天，而29.9%推荐3.0至3.9克/天。至于健康声称，“增强身体机能”出现在73.1%的补充剂中，在大多数情况下，这些产品提及的剂量为3.0至3.9克/天。其余声明不充分或需要修改。
只有25%的健康声称符合科学参考文献确立的标准。大多数声明必须修改或删除，因为它们可能被认为对消费者具有欺诈性和/或误导性。
