Department of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C2, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 2021 May;49(4):771-786. doi: 10.3758/s13421-020-01126-1. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Using four-character Chinese word targets, Yang, Chen, Spinelli, and Lupker (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45(8), 1511-1526, 2019) and Yang, Hino et al. (Journal of Memory and Language, 113, 104017, 2020) demonstrated that backward primes (Roman alphabet example-dcba priming ABCD) produce large masked priming effects. This result suggests that character position information is quite imprecisely coded by Chinese readers when reading in their native language. The present question was, If Chinese readers have evolved a reading system not requiring precise position information, would Chinese-English bilinguals show more extreme transposed letter priming effects when processing English words than both English monolinguals and other types of bilinguals whose L2 is English? In Experiment 1, Chinese-English bilinguals, but not English monolinguals, showed a clear backward priming effect in a lexical decision task. In Experiment 2, the parallel backward priming effect was absent for both Spanish-English and Arabic-English bilinguals. Apparently, the orthographic coding system that Chinese-English bilinguals use when reading in their L2 leans heavily on the flexible/imprecise position coding process that they develop for reading in their L1.
使用四字中文词目标，Yang、Chen、Spinelli 和 Lupker（《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆与认知》，45(8)，1511-1526，2019）和 Yang、Hino 等人（《记忆与语言》，113，104017，2020）表明，反向启动词（罗马字母示例-dcba 启动 ABCD）会产生很大的掩蔽启动效应。这一结果表明，当中国读者以母语阅读时，字符位置信息的编码相当不精确。目前的问题是，如果中国读者已经进化出一种不需要精确位置信息的阅读系统，那么在处理英语单词时，与英语单语者和其他将英语作为第二语言的双语者相比，汉英双语者是否会表现出更极端的字母换位启动效应？在实验 1 中，只有汉英双语者，而不是英语单语者，在词汇判断任务中表现出明显的反向启动效应。在实验 2 中，对于西班牙-英语和阿拉伯-英语双语者，平行的反向启动效应都不存在。显然，汉英双语者在阅读第二语言时使用的正字法编码系统严重依赖于他们在阅读母语时发展的灵活/不精确的位置编码过程。
