Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK.
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK.
Psychol Med. 2022 Jun;52(8):1471-1480. doi: 10.1017/S003329172000327X. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Existing evidence on profiles of psychological distress across adulthood uses cross-sectional or longitudinal studies with short observation periods. The objective of this research was to study the profile of psychological distress within the same individuals from early adulthood to early old age across three British birth cohorts.
We used data from three British birth cohorts: born in 1946 ( = 3093), 1958 ( = 13 250) and 1970 ( = 12 019). The profile of psychological distress - expressed both as probability of being a clinical case or a count of symptoms based on comparable items within and across cohorts - was modelled using the multilevel regression framework.
In both 1958 and 1970 cohorts, there was an initial drop in the probability of being a case between ages 23-26 and 33-34. Subsequently, the predicted probability of being a case increased from 12.5% at age 36 to 19.5% at age 53 in the 1946 cohort; from 8.0% at age 33 to 13.7% at age 42 in the 1958 cohort and from 15.7% at age 34 to 19.7% at age 42 in the 1970 cohort. In the 1946 cohort, there was a drop in the probability of caseness between ages 60-64 and 69 (19.5% 15.2%). Consistent results were obtained with the continuous version of the outcome.
Across three post-war British birth cohorts midlife appears to be a particularly vulnerable phase for experiencing psychological distress. Understanding the reasons for this will be important for the prevention and management of mental health problems.
现有关于成年期心理困扰特征的证据使用了横断面或纵向研究，观察期较短。本研究的目的是在三个英国出生队列中，在同一批个体中从成年早期到老年早期研究心理困扰的特征。
我们使用了来自三个英国出生队列的数据：1946 年出生（=3093）、1958 年出生（=13250）和 1970 年出生（=12019）。使用多层次回归框架，基于相同和跨队列的可比项目，以临床病例的概率或症状数表示，对心理困扰特征进行建模。
在 1958 年和 1970 年队列中，在 23-26 岁和 33-34 岁之间，患病例的概率最初有所下降。随后，在 1946 队列中，预测患病例的概率从 36 岁时的 12.5%增加到 53 岁时的 19.5%；在 1958 队列中，从 33 岁时的 8.0%增加到 42 岁时的 13.7%；在 1970 队列中，从 34 岁时的 15.7%增加到 42 岁时的 19.7%。在 1946 队列中，在 60-64 岁和 69 岁时，患病例的概率有所下降（19.5%降至 15.2%）。连续型结果也得到了一致的结果。
在三个战后英国出生队列中，中年似乎是经历心理困扰的特别脆弱阶段。了解这一现象的原因对于心理健康问题的预防和管理将很重要。
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