CEREB-Center of Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences.
Media and Communication Science.
Health Psychol. 2021 Feb;40(2):77-88. doi: 10.1037/hea0001045.
This study assesses whether combining information about diseases and sequelae supports learning about disease risks and influences related health behavior (vaccination).
To test whether extending knowledge about the risks of primary diseases (e.g., influenza) with causally linked secondary diseases (sequelae such as sepsis) can decrease vaccine hesitancy in older adults, who are especially vulnerable to primary and secondary diseases.
In a preregistered longitudinal online experiment, 585 German participants > 60 years of age were randomly assigned to a 3 (time: before and after leaflet presentation, 3-month follow-up; within) × 3 (educational leaflet type: sepsis leaflet, traditional vaccination leaflet, and control leaflet; between) mixed-measurements design. The assessed outcomes were knowledge about influenza, pneumococci, and sepsis; risk perceptions; and immediate and long-term vaccination intention and behavior for pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations.
The sepsis leaflet immediately increased the knowledge about influenza (effect size, η² = .080), pneumococci (η² = .071) and sepsis (η² = .113), risk perceptions (η² = .007), and intentions for both vaccinations (both η² = .015). Behavior during the follow-up did not differ between the conditions. Additional mediation analysis showed that increased knowledge immediately after the experiment predicted increased risk perceptions and intentions 3 months later ( = .060; = .055).
Because immediate increases in knowledge and risk perceptions did not change behavior in the long term, extended knowledge interventions might be more effective in locations where positive intention can directly turn into action, such as doctors' clinics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究评估了将疾病和后遗症信息结合起来是否有助于了解疾病风险，并影响相关的健康行为（疫苗接种）。
检验在老年人（例如流感）原发性疾病（如败血症等继发性疾病）相关风险知识的基础上，增加与原发性疾病有因果关系的继发性疾病的知识，是否能降低老年人对疫苗的犹豫态度，因为老年人特别容易受到原发性和继发性疾病的影响。
在一项预先注册的纵向在线实验中，585 名年龄在 60 岁以上的德国参与者被随机分配到 3（时间：传单介绍前和介绍后，3 个月随访；内）×3（教育传单类型：败血症传单、传统疫苗接种传单和对照传单；间）混合测量设计。评估的结果是对流感、肺炎球菌和败血症的知识；风险认知；以及对肺炎球菌和流感疫苗的即时和长期接种意愿和行为。
败血症传单立即增加了对流感（效应量，η²=0.080）、肺炎球菌（η²=0.071）和败血症（η²=0.113）、风险认知（η²=0.007）以及两种疫苗的接种意愿（均为 η²=0.015）的知识。在随访期间，条件之间的行为没有差异。额外的中介分析表明，实验后立即增加的知识预测了 3 个月后风险认知和意愿的增加（=0.060；=0.055）。
由于即时增加的知识和风险认知并没有在长期内改变行为，因此扩展知识干预可能在那些积极的意图可以直接转化为行动的地方更有效，例如医生诊所。
