Alsos Inger Greve, Rijal Dilli Prasad, Ehrich Dorothee, Karger Dirk Nikolaus, Yoccoz Nigel Gilles, Heintzman Peter D, Brown Antony G, Lammers Youri, Pellissier Loïc, Alm Torbjørn, Bråthen Kari Anne, Coissac Eric, Merkel Marie Kristine Føreid, Alberti Adriana, Denoeud France, Bakke Jostein
The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway.
Sci Adv. 2022 Sep 30;8(39):eabo7434. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7434. Epub 2022 Sep 28.
What drives ecosystem buildup, diversity, and stability? We assess species arrival and ecosystem changes across 16 millennia by combining regional-scale plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Fennoscandia with near-complete DNA and trait databases. We show that postglacial arrival time varies within and between plant growth forms. Further, arrival times were mainly predicted by adaptation to temperature, disturbance, and light. Major break points in ecological trait diversity were seen between 13.9 and 10.8 calibrated thousand years before the present (cal ka BP), as well as break point in functional diversity at 12.0 cal ka BP, shifting from a state of ecosystem buildup to a state where most habitat types and biotic ecosystem components were in place. Trait and functional diversity stabilized around 8 cal ka BP, after which both remained stable, although changes in climate took place and species inflow continued. Our ecosystem reconstruction indicates a millennial-scale time phase of formation to reach stable and resilient levels of diversity and functioning.
是什么驱动了生态系统的形成、多样性和稳定性？我们通过将来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛的区域尺度植物沉积古DNA与近乎完整的DNA和性状数据库相结合，评估了1.6万年里的物种迁入和生态系统变化。我们发现，冰期后植物生长型内部和之间的迁入时间各不相同。此外，迁入时间主要由对温度、干扰和光照的适应性预测。在距今13900至10800校准千年（cal ka BP）之间，生态性状多样性出现了主要断点，在12000 cal ka BP时功能多样性也出现了断点，生态系统从形成状态转变为大多数栖息地类型和生物生态系统组成部分都已就位的状态。性状和功能多样性在约8000 cal ka BP时趋于稳定，此后尽管气候发生了变化且物种仍在持续迁入，但两者都保持稳定。我们的生态系统重建表明，生态系统形成达到稳定且有恢复力的多样性和功能水平需要一个千年尺度的时间阶段。
