MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan 22;70(3):75-82. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7003a2.
State and local school vaccination requirements serve to protect students against vaccine-preventable diseases (1). This report summarizes data collected by state and local immunization programs* on vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten (kindergartners) in 48 states, exemptions for kindergartners in 49 states, and provisional enrollment and grace period status for kindergartners in 28 states for the 2019-20 school year, which was more than halfway completed when most schools moved to virtual learning in the spring because of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nationally, vaccination coverage was 94.9% for the state-required number of doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); 95.2% for 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); and 94.8% for the state-required number of varicella vaccine doses. Although 2.5% of kindergartners had an exemption from at least one vaccine, another 2.3% were not up to date for MMR and did not have a vaccine exemption. Schools and immunization programs can work together to ensure that undervaccinated students are caught up on vaccinations in preparation for returning to in-person learning. This follow-up is especially important in the current school year, in which undervaccination is likely higher because of disruptions in vaccination during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (2-4).
州和地方学校的疫苗接种要求旨在保护学生免受可通过疫苗预防的疾病的侵害(1)。本报告总结了各州和地方免疫计划*收集的数据，内容涉及 48 个州幼儿园(幼儿园)儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率、49 个州幼儿园的豁免情况，以及 28 个州幼儿园的临时入学和宽限期情况，在 2019-20 学年，大多数学校因 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行而转为虚拟学习时，这一学年已经过去了一半以上。在全国范围内，州要求的白喉和破伤风类毒素以及无细胞百日咳疫苗(DTaP)剂量的接种率为 94.9%；2 剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗(MMR)的接种率为 95.2%；州要求的水痘疫苗剂量的接种率为 94.8%。尽管有 2.5%的幼儿园儿童至少有一种疫苗豁免，但还有另外 2.3%的儿童未完成 MMR 疫苗接种，且没有疫苗豁免。学校和免疫计划可以共同努力，确保未充分接种疫苗的学生及时接种疫苗，为返校接受面对面学习做好准备。在当前学年，这种后续行动尤为重要，因为在持续的 COVID-19 大流行期间，疫苗接种受到干扰，疫苗接种不足的情况可能更严重(2-4)。
