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幼儿园儿童中特定疫苗的接种覆盖率和豁免率-美国,2021-22 学年。

Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten - United States, 2021-22 School Year.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Jan 13;72(2):26-32. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7202a2.

Abstract

State and local school vaccination requirements protect students and communities against vaccine-preventable diseases (1). This report summarizes data collected by state and local immunization programs* on vaccination coverage and exemptions to vaccination among children in kindergarten in 49 states and the District of Columbia and provisional enrollment or grace period status for kindergartners in 27 states for the 2021-22 school year. Nationwide, vaccination coverage with 2 doses of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) was 93.5%; with the state-required number of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) doses was 93.1%**; with poliovirus vaccine (polio) was 93.5%; and with the state-required number of varicella vaccine doses was 92.8%. Compared with the 2020-21 school year, vaccination coverage decreased 0.4-0.9 percentage points for all vaccines. Although 2.6% of kindergartners had an exemption for at least one vaccine, an additional 3.9% who did not have an exemption were not up to date with MMR. Although there has been a nearly complete return to in-person learning after COVID-19 pandemic-associated disruptions, immunization programs continued to report COVID-19-related impacts on vaccination assessment and coverage. Follow-up with undervaccinated students and catch-up campaigns remain important for increasing vaccination coverage to prepandemic levels to protect children and communities from vaccine-preventable diseases.

摘要

州和地方学校的疫苗接种要求可保护学生和社区免受可通过疫苗预防的疾病的侵害(1)。本报告总结了州和地方免疫计划收集的数据*,这些数据涉及 49 个州和哥伦比亚特区幼儿园儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率和疫苗接种豁免情况,以及 27 个州幼儿园学生的临时注册或宽限期情况,这些数据均来自 2021-22 学年。全国范围内,麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗(MMR)的两剂接种率为 93.5%;接受州要求数量的白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳疫苗(DTaP)的比例为 93.1%**;脊髓灰质炎疫苗(脊灰)接种率为 93.5%;州要求的水痘疫苗剂量接种率为 92.8%。与 2020-21 学年相比,所有疫苗的接种率下降了 0.4-0.9 个百分点。尽管有 2.6%的幼儿园儿童至少有一项疫苗豁免,但还有另外 3.9%没有豁免的儿童没有完成 MMR 疫苗的接种。尽管在 COVID-19 大流行相关干扰之后,几乎完全恢复了面对面学习,但免疫计划继续报告 COVID-19 对疫苗接种评估和覆盖率的影响。与未接种疫苗的学生进行后续跟进和开展补种运动仍然是提高疫苗接种覆盖率以达到大流行前水平的重要手段,以保护儿童和社区免受可通过疫苗预防的疾病的侵害。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8bb4/9869733/dbdea313e1b5/mm7202a2-F1.jpg

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