MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Oct 12;67(40):1115-1122. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6740a3.
State and local school vaccination requirements exist to ensure that students are protected from vaccine-preventable diseases (1). This report summarizes vaccination coverage and exemption estimates collected by state and local immunization programs* for children in kindergarten (kindergartners) in 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) and kindergartners provisionally enrolled (attending school without complete vaccination or exemption while completing a catch-up vaccination schedule) or in a grace period (a set interval during which a student may be enrolled and attend school without proof of complete vaccination or exemption) for 28 states. Median vaccination coverage was 95.1% for the state-required number of doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); 94.3% for 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); and 93.8% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. The median percentage of kindergartners with an exemption from at least one vaccine was 2.2%, and the median percentage provisionally enrolled or attending school during a grace period was 1.8%. Vaccination coverage among kindergartners remained high; however, schools can improve coverage by following up with students who are provisionally enrolled, in a grace period, or lacking complete documentation of required vaccinations.
州和地方的学校疫苗接种要求旨在确保学生免受可通过疫苗预防的疾病的侵害（1）。本报告总结了 49 个州和哥伦比亚特区（DC）的州和地方免疫计划*为幼儿园（幼儿园）儿童收集的疫苗接种覆盖率和豁免估计数，以及临时注册的幼儿园（在完成追赶疫苗接种计划的同时未完全接种疫苗或豁免而上学）或在 28 个州的宽限期（学生可以在不提供完全接种疫苗或豁免证明的情况下注册和上学的一段时间）。州要求的白喉、破伤风类毒素和无细胞百日咳疫苗（DTaP）的剂量数、2 剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗（MMR）和 2 剂水痘疫苗的中位数接种覆盖率分别为 95.1%、94.3%和 93.8%。至少有一种疫苗豁免的幼儿园儿童的中位数百分比为 2.2%，临时注册或在宽限期内上学的幼儿园儿童的中位数百分比为 1.8%。幼儿园儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很高；然而，学校可以通过跟踪临时注册、宽限期内或缺乏所需疫苗接种完整记录的学生来提高覆盖率。
