Human neutrophil membrane-derived nanovesicles as a drug delivery platform for improved therapy of infectious diseases.

Resolvins are a group of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) enzymatically produced from omega-3 fatty acids during acute inflammation response to infections or tissue injury. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is one of resolvins and is well studied in resolution of inflammation to treat inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation includes the inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment and reduced cytokine production. However, effective delivery of RvD1 to inflammatory tissues is challenging because of its lack of tissue targeting and poor physicochemical properties. Here, we proposed nanovesicles made from human neutrophil membrane which can specifically target inflamed tissues, and we loaded RvD1 on the surface of nanovesicles and antibiotic (ceftazidime, CEF) inside nanovesicles for improved treatment of bacterial infections. In a mouse model of bacterium-induced peritonitis, we demonstrated that human neutrophil cell membrane-formed vesicles (NMVs) enhanced inflammation resolution and bacterial killing after co-delivery of RvD1 and CEF. Our studies reveal that neutrophil nanovesicles may be critical for enhanced therapy to infectious diseases.