Duarte-Clíments Gonzalo, Mauricio Tibelle Freitas, Gómez-Salgado Juan, Moreira Rafaella Pessoa, Romero-Martín Macarena, Sánchez-Gómez María Begoña
University School of Nursing, University of La Laguna, Candelaria NS University Hospital, Canary Islands Health Service, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Fortaleza 60410-426, Brazil.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Jan 17;9(1):91. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9010091.
Four out of five deaths from cardiovascular disease are due to heart attacks and strokes in low- and middle-income countries. Early identification of risk factors in exposed individuals will help to develop interventions that may eliminate and/or reduce these risks and prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases. So, it is necessary to investigate the risk of impaired cardiovascular function in university students due to the increase in some risk factors and cardiovascular events in young adults, and to describe its epidemiology among international university students. For this, an observational cross-sectional study through interviews is designed. The clinical validity was addressed following the Fehring model. In addition, anthropometric data and results of laboratory tests were collected. The nursing diagnosis "Risk of impaired cardiovascular function" showed clinical validity, high sensitivity and specificity, as well as predictive values. Fehring ratio values were above 0.79 and Kappa Index above 0.72. The study showed a high frequency of this nursing diagnosis among university students, especially in students of Brazilian nationality. The main risks of impaired cardiovascular function found in 86.8% of students were: family history of cardiovascular disease, sedentary lifestyle, pharmacological agent, dyslipidemia, and insufficient knowledge. The most prevalent risk factors of the nursing diagnosis in the studied population were related to insufficient knowledge of modifiable health habits, such as sedentary lifestyle. The information provided is expected to serve as the basis for the planning and implementation of health actions aimed at reducing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
在低收入和中等收入国家，五分之四的心血管疾病死亡是由心脏病发作和中风导致的。尽早识别暴露个体的风险因素将有助于制定干预措施，从而消除和/或降低这些风险，并预防心血管疾病的发生。因此，鉴于一些风险因素的增加以及年轻人中心血管事件的增多，有必要调查大学生心血管功能受损的风险，并描述其在国际大学生中的流行病学特征。为此，设计了一项通过访谈进行的观察性横断面研究。按照费林模型评估临床有效性。此外，收集了人体测量数据和实验室检测结果。护理诊断“心血管功能受损风险”显示出临床有效性、高敏感性和特异性以及预测价值。费林比值高于0.79，卡帕指数高于0.72。该研究表明，这种护理诊断在大学生中出现的频率很高，尤其是巴西国籍的学生。在86.8%的学生中发现的心血管功能受损的主要风险因素为：心血管疾病家族史、久坐不动的生活方式、药物、血脂异常以及知识不足。在研究人群中，该护理诊断最普遍的风险因素与对可改变的健康习惯（如久坐不动的生活方式）认识不足有关。所提供的信息有望作为规划和实施旨在降低心血管疾病可改变风险因素的健康行动的依据。
