The College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 19;18(2):832. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020832.
Understanding the spatial pattern of soil chemical properties (SCPs) together with topological factors and soil management practices is essential for land management. This study examines the spatial changes in soil chemical properties and their impact on China's subtropical mountainous areas. In 2007 and 2017, 290 and 200 soil samples, respectively, were collected in Hefeng County, a mountainous county in central China. We used descriptive statistics and geostatistical methods, including ANOVA, semivariance, Moran's I, and fractal dimensions, to analyze the characteristics and spatial autocorrelation changes in soil organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and pH value from 2007 to 2017. We explored the relationship between each SCP and the relationship between SCPs with topographic parameters, soil texture, and cropping systems. The results show that the mean value of soil OM, AP, AK, and pH in Hefeng increased from 2007 to 2017. The spatial variation and spatial dependency of each SCP in 2007, excluding AP and AK in 2007, were higher than in 2017. The soil in areas with high topographic relief, profile curvature, and planform curvature had less AP, AK, and pH. Soil at higher elevation had lower OM (r = -0.197, < 0.01; r = -0.334, < 0.01) and AP (r = -0.043, < 0.05; r = -0.121, < 0.05) and higher AK (r = -0.305, < 0.01; r =0.408, < 0.01) in 2007 and 2017. Soil OM and AK in 2007 were significantly ( < 0.05) correlated with soil texture ( < 0.05). In contrast, oil AP and soil pH in 2007 and all SCPs in 2017 were poorly correlated with soil texture. The cropping systems played an important role in affecting all SCPs in 2007 ( < 0.01), while they only significantly affected AK in 2017 ( < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that both topological factors, that is, the changes in cropping management and the changes in acid rain, impact soil chemical properties. The local government should place more focus on reducing soil acid amounts, soil AP content, and soil erosion by improving water conservancy facilities.
了解土壤化学特性（SCP）的空间格局以及拓扑因素和土壤管理实践之间的关系对于土地管理至关重要。本研究考察了土壤化学特性的空间变化及其对中国亚热带山区的影响。2007 年和 2017 年，分别在湖北省鹤峰县（中国中部的一个山区县）采集了 290 和 200 个土壤样本。我们使用描述性统计和地统计学方法，包括方差分析、半方差分析、 Moran's I 和分形维数，来分析 2007 年至 2017 年土壤有机质（OM）、有效磷（AP）、有效钾（AK）和 pH 值的特征和空间自相关变化。我们探讨了每个 SCP 与地形参数、土壤质地和种植制度之间的关系。结果表明，鹤峰县土壤 OM、AP、AK 和 pH 值的平均值从 2007 年到 2017 年有所增加。除 2007 年的 AP 和 AK 外，2007 年每个 SCP 的空间变异性和空间依赖性均高于 2017 年。地形起伏大、剖面曲率和平面曲率大的地区土壤 AP、AK 和 pH 值较低。2007 年和 2017 年，海拔较高的土壤 OM（r = -0.197， < 0.01；r = -0.334， < 0.01）和 AP（r = -0.043， < 0.05；r = -0.121， < 0.05）较低，AK（r = -0.305， < 0.01；r = 0.408， < 0.01）较高。2007 年土壤 OM 和 AK 与土壤质地呈显著（< 0.05）相关，而 2007 年土壤 AP 和土壤 pH 值与土壤质地相关性较差。2007 年种植制度对所有 SCP 均有重要影响（< 0.01），而 2017 年仅对 AK 有显著影响（< 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，拓扑因素（即耕作管理的变化和酸雨的变化）以及地形因素都对土壤化学性质产生影响。地方政府应更加重视通过改善水利设施来减少土壤酸度、土壤 AP 含量和土壤侵蚀。
