Arendt T, Taubert G, Bigl V, Arendt A
Department of Neurochemistry, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Karl Marx University, Leipzig, German Democratic Republic.
Acta Neuropathol. 1988;75(3):226-32. doi: 10.1007/BF00690530.
The deficiency of the cholinergic cortical projection system arising in the different basal forebrain structures collectively referred to as nucleus basalis of Meynert complex is a constant finding in Alzheimer's disease, a disorder which is neuro-pathologically characterised by the appearance of three intracerebral formes of twisted beta-pleated sheet (amyloid) fibrils, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid-containing neuritic plaques and congophilic amyloid angiopathy. In the present study the quantitative relationship between these hallmarks of the disease, amyloid deposition and neuronal loss in the cholinergic basal forebrain system, was investigated in ten cases of Alzheimer's disease. Besides a constant involvement of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, all cases of Alzheimer's disease show a large amount of amyloid in the medial septal nucleus, in the diagonal band nucleus and in the substantia innominata which is correlated with neuronal loss in these areas. These amyloid deposits in the basal forebrain are due to congophilic angiopathy associated with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The distribution of amyloid deposition in the basal forebrain is restricted entirely to those neuronal clusters which represent the origin of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Immediately adjacent structures are not affected. These findings suggest a pathogenetic role of amyloid deposition in the mechanism of degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain system.
在阿尔茨海默病中，源自统称为迈内特基底核复合体的不同基底前脑结构的胆碱能皮质投射系统的缺陷是一个持续存在的发现。阿尔茨海默病是一种神经病理学上以三种脑内扭曲的β折叠片（淀粉样蛋白）纤维、神经原纤维缠结、含淀粉样蛋白的神经炎性斑块和嗜刚果红淀粉样血管病为特征的疾病。在本研究中，对10例阿尔茨海默病患者的这些疾病特征、淀粉样蛋白沉积与胆碱能基底前脑系统神经元丢失之间的定量关系进行了研究。除了大脑皮质和海马体持续受累外，所有阿尔茨海默病病例在内侧隔核、斜角带核和无名质中都显示出大量淀粉样蛋白，这与这些区域的神经元丢失相关。基底前脑中的这些淀粉样蛋白沉积物是由与斑块和神经原纤维缠结相关的嗜刚果红血管病引起的。基底前脑中淀粉样蛋白沉积的分布完全局限于那些代表大脑皮质和海马体胆碱能神经支配起源的神经元簇。紧邻的结构未受影响。这些发现表明淀粉样蛋白沉积在胆碱能基底前脑系统变性机制中具有致病作用。
