Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021 Feb;20(2):97-112. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1880898. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
causes significant public health problems in endemic regions. A vaccine to prevent disease is critical, considering the rapid spread of drug-resistant parasite strains, and the development of hypnozoites in the liver with potential for relapse. A minimally effective vaccine should prevent disease and transmission while an ideal vaccine provides sterile immunity.
Despite decades of research, the complex life cycle, technical challenges and a lack of funding have hampered progress of vaccine development. Here, we review the progress of potential vaccine candidates from different stages of the parasite life cycle. We also highlight the challenges and important strategies for rational vaccine design. These factors can significantly increase immune effector mechanisms and improve the protective efficacy of these candidates in clinical trials to generate sustained protection over longer periods of time.
A vaccine that presents functionally-conserved epitopes from multiple antigens from various stages of the parasite life cycle is key to induce broadly neutralizing strain-transcending protective immunity to effectively disrupt parasite development and transmission.
在流行地区，疟疾会引发严重的公共卫生问题。考虑到耐药性寄生虫株的快速传播，以及肝脏中休眠疟原虫的潜在复发，预防疾病的疫苗至关重要。一种最低限度有效的疫苗应该可以预防疾病和传播，而理想的疫苗则提供无菌免疫。
尽管经过了几十年的研究，但复杂的生命周期、技术挑战以及资金短缺都阻碍了疫苗开发的进展。在这里，我们回顾了寄生虫生命周期不同阶段的潜在疫苗候选物的进展。我们还强调了合理疫苗设计的挑战和重要策略。这些因素可以显著增加免疫效应机制，并提高这些候选物在临床试验中的保护效果，从而在更长时间内产生持续保护。
一种疫苗，如果能呈现来自寄生虫生命周期各个阶段的多种抗原的功能保守表位，是诱导广泛中和、具有跨越株保护作用的免疫的关键，从而有效破坏寄生虫的发育和传播。
