Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 24;270:113852. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113852. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
The genus Lilium (family Liliaceae) is native to China and is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere such as Eastern Asia, Europe, and North America. There are about 109 species of this genus and 55 species in China. In America, the bulbs were used as food. In Europe, the petals and bulbs of Lilium candidum uesd as pectoral poultices, wound-healing remedy and a treatment for mastitis and shingles, the bulbs of L. martagon were used to treat every liver disease. In India, the bulbs are used medicinally as galactagogue, expectorant, aphrodisiac, diuretic, antipyretic and revitalizing tonic. In Asia, bulbs of this genus are often used to treat coughs, lung diseases, burns and swellings.
The aim of this work was to summarize traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, which provided a theoretical basis for the further study of Lilium plants and their applications in medicine, food and other industries.
Online scientific databases including Science Direct, American chemical society (ACS), Wiley Online Library, the Web of Science, China national knowledge internet (CNKI) and others were searched to identify eligible studies. More data were obtained from other Chinese medicine books.
The literature survey revealed diverse traditional uses of the genus Lilium, mainly for the treatment of lung deficiency, hemostasis, anxiety, palpitations, asthma and vomiting. Over 180 compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Lilium, including steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, phenolic glycerides, flavonoids and alkaloids. Different extracts and monomer compounds were so far evaluated for number of pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antidepressant and hepatoprotective activities.
Lilium spp. are of much significance as ornamental flowers, but also have potential to treat various diseases, especially anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, most of the studies on pharmacological effects are still in in vitro, and further studies on mechanism-based pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro are needed in the future. At present, there are limited researches on its safety and toxicological effects, which should be further explored.
百合属（百合科）原产于中国，主要分布于北半球温带地区，如东亚、欧洲和北美洲。该属约有 109 种，中国有 55 种。美洲的鳞茎被用作食物。在欧洲，百合的花瓣和鳞茎被用作胸部敷布、愈伤疗法以及乳腺炎和带状疱疹的治疗药物，马兜铃的鳞茎被用于治疗各种肝病。在印度，鳞茎被用作催奶剂、祛痰剂、壮阳药、利尿剂、退烧药和滋补强身剂。在亚洲，该属的鳞茎常被用于治疗咳嗽、肺病、烧伤和肿胀。
本工作旨在总结百合属植物的传统用途、植物化学、药理学和毒性，为进一步研究百合属植物及其在医药、食品等行业的应用提供理论依据。
通过在线科学数据库（包括 Science Direct、美国化学学会（ACS）、Wiley Online Library、Web of Science、中国国家知识互联网（CNKI）等）搜索合格的研究，从其他中药书籍中获得了更多的数据。
文献调查显示，百合属植物有多种传统用途，主要用于治疗肺虚、止血、焦虑、心悸、哮喘和呕吐。从百合属植物中已分离鉴定出 180 多种化合物，包括甾体皂苷、多糖、酚甘油酯、黄酮类和生物碱。不同的提取物和单体化合物已被评估具有多种药理活性，包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节、抗抑郁和保肝活性。
百合属植物不仅具有观赏花卉的重要意义，而且具有治疗各种疾病的潜力，特别是抗炎和抗氧化作用。然而，大多数关于药理作用的研究仍处于体外阶段，未来还需要进一步研究体内和体外基于机制的药理活性。目前，对其安全性和毒理学效应的研究有限，应进一步探讨。
